We also now pre-expose our lighting before writing to the HDR buffers.
This solves some precision issues and prevents the Sun from producing
infinite values.
- New atmosphering rendering technique based on my own work.
- Attempt to fix some remaining transparency issues.
- Use a luminance histogram for auto exposure.
- Add support for clustered shading.
- Add WS 2.0 shaders.
- Add 3D cloud shaders.
- Add orthoscenery support.
See related SimGear commit e8ffe461
Now the orthophoto texture coordinates are contained in gl_TexCoord[2],
so no need to pass any custom vertex attributes to Effects that use
photoscenery.
Landclass information is typically not high enough resolution
to render small beaches and coastline features.
This commit uses the steepness of the elevation mesh
to procedurally generate:
a) sea-cliffs (poorly - just a texture at present)
b) beaches, which mix into translucent shallow water
c) breaking waves (poorly - uses the wind direction rather than the
slope normal)
Objects like OSM buildings using the `model-combined` effect ignored
the Terrain quality. Rayleigh Fog is computed for the terrain only
at "Ultra" level, but was computed for models at all quality levels,
which led to a visual disparity. The shader now takes into account
the terrain quality before computing rayleigh fog for objects.
The `road` effect also had the same issue and is fixed now.
Previously the water shader was separate and executed on a
different mesh.
This adds the water shader as a separate fragment function
(ws30-water.frag) and uses a material parameter passed in
as a Uniform to use it in preference to the usual texel
lookup.
Performance testing found a slight performance improvement
from having a single mesh, but a slight performance impact
from the extra fragment shader complexity.
from Chris RINGEVAL
https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgdata/merge-requests/269/
Squashed commit of the following:
commit 23194c0fed49609999b4da67b2990af774f7df03
Author: Chris Ringeval <eatdirt@protonmail.com>
Date: Sun Jan 30 23:52:09 2022 +0100
Remove CC-BY-SA 3.0 texture provided by EAS and replace it with one made by myself
commit cb30c7972ba3db6b4cb4ad5f9dcd12d7e0ddbc1a
Author: Chris Ringeval <eatdirt@protonmail.com>
Date: Sun Dec 5 15:49:31 2021 +0100
Optimize shaders for vram usage and use new uniforms
commit 7541e49c6757a23b08684f1c4354e84b9af3bcc3
Author: Chris Ringeval <eatdirt@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu Dec 2 17:22:55 2021 +0100
Reduce the oversized galaxy texture to 400kB
commit 0e6591907a9978077dc6dff1b53dea7c439a6cc4
Author: Chris Ringeval <eatdirt@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue Nov 30 23:49:24 2021 +0100
Add Milky Way onto the night sky
Previously haze calculations were performed
in the main body of the ws30 shaders (inherited
from the ALS terrain shaders). This change creates
a common applyHaze function to consistently apply haze.
This is not ws30 specific, and could be used to replace the
haze calculations of all ALS shaders for improved consistency.
Squashed commit of the following:
commit 115511888c20c53670eba17a82c81c9af99d7302
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Mon Dec 6 18:52:06 2021 +1000
WS30 effects and shaders:
Changelog:
ws30-ALS-ultra.frag:
- Ground textures lookups use their own coordinates separate from the landclass texture lookup.
- Partial derivatives dFdx and Dfdy are packed together in a vec4, so simple multiplication to scale can be done in 1 instruction. dFdx = s and t components. dFdy = p and q components. These must be scaled properly for ground texture access as ground texture stretching and detiling of tex coords mean textures are scaled differently.
- Added calculation of partial derivatives for texture coordinates used by the 5 non- base textures. dFdx() and dFdy() were called for nontrivial texture coordinate manipulation.
- New control randomise_texture_lookups added at top of ws30-ALS-ultra.frag, in the development tools section. Setting this to 1 will do a stress test of ground texture array lookups. A fast random number generation function is used to assign each landclass 4 random textures from the ground texture array - this is done by . Performance will not be as bad in the full ALS port as some texture slots will better caching in memory - e.g. have 1 or a few variants.
- Possible optimisation: use a 2nd or 3rd texture array for some of the non-base texture slots that typically have 256, 512, or 1024 textures. The resolutions of these arrays should change based on the largest loaded texture size in the active regional definitions - this will allow taking full advantage of smaller texture sizes in some areas. The disadvantage is some texture duplication with more slots.
- Possible optimisation: offer the option to shrink textures by 50% or 25% - for texture slots that use large textures like base or mix slots.
- Very temporary - reduce procedural normal map features with photoscenery active without breaking profiling, as the inputs to shaders are effect defaults or placeholder (by request on ML).
----
ws30-ALS-ultra.vert:
- Start of conversion of geocentic world space xyz into lat/lon coords used for ground texture lookups. Currently commented out as it's unknown what model space coords are in (not geocentric it seems).
ws20-ALS-landclass-search-functions.frag:
- Add control for changing the ground texture array lookup function for debugging in case old compilers/GPUs have issues. tex_lookup_type: 0: normal( textureGrad(), 1: textureLod (manual Lod calculation), 2: texture() with no partial derivative adjustment.
- New get6_random_integers() will extract 6 limited random values from the full precision of a 32 bit random value.
- Old landclass_texel_size_m references are removed since textureSize() is used. There are no 'const in float' arguments that may cause issues on AMD compilers.
----
WS30-overlay effect (Inactive):
- ws30-overlay.eff (derived from terrain-overlay.eff). Technique no "4" is used for two passes. The 1st pass is a copy of the ALS ultra pass (technique no "5") from ws30.eff. The 2nd pass is the same as terrain-overlay.eff. The 2nd pass uses terrain- overlay.frag from WS2.
- grass-ALS.vert copied to ws30-ovelay-ALS.vert. To do: needs texture coords that don't change with tiles.
- terrain-overlay-ALS.geom copied to ws30-overlay-ALS.geom. To do: uses gl_PositionIn [i].xy for position in the horizontal plane - assumes z is vertical. Tile model space doesn't seem to match this.
- WS3 doesn't seem to have a way of switching references to terrain-overlay.eff (which inherits from terrain-default.eff) to the new ws3-overlay.eff (which needs to inherit from ws30.eff). The ws3-overlay.eff included /might/ just work without any other changes: the first pass is the WS3 als ultra settings pass, and the second overlay pass is unchanged from WS2 (the same terrain overlay shaders should probably work apart from texcoords and rawpos not being correct).
- Materials/base/materials-base.xml: ws30Road material: uncomment line declaring terrain-default as the effect. The target effect for ws30 roads is road-*.eff and it's added to ws30Road and ws30Freeway but commented out as it's not working currently.
- Misc: large scale transitions are turned on in ws30-ALS-landclass-search-functions.frag by default. Grow landclass borders with large scale transitions is now on by default.
----
Changes after the multi-texture support commit:
ws30-ALS-ultra.vert
- Added documentation: WS30 model space and z up space - for future people working on WS30, and people looking through shaders to rule out possibilities e.g. when fixing bugs, or interpreting visual bug reports.
ws30-ALS-landclass-search-functions.frag:
- For now, lookup_ground_texture_array() also looks up the relevant texture's index based on an integer.
- Add get_mixed_texel() - looks up texel for this fragment and any neighbors before mixing. Moves currently shared mixing code out of 3 fragment shaders.
Misc: changed indentation from mixed tabs/spaces to spaces in ws30-ALS-ultra frag and vert. The indentation can be changed again when the porting is complete.
ws30-ALS vert/frag and ws30-ALS-detailed vert/frag:
- Add varying for ground texture coordiante, currently set to gl_TexCoord[0]. Apply texture stretching dimensions in fragment shaders.
- Misc: varying rawPos is set to vec2 for now, as relPos.z+eye_alt might be faster. Misc: keep WS2 mixing logic for now , including turning off mixing via the alpha channel of the textures
----
Changes after sending material parameters in uniform arrays commit:
- Materials parameter for rock_strata is cast into an int so rock_strata==1 should work. Misc: Left over uniform for rock strata cleaned up.
- ws30-ALS-ultra.frag and ws30-ALS-detailed.frag: Add missing mat_shininess for photoscenery case .
commit 918aa4402143638133153dff722ef3a6b4feead7
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Sat Nov 20 23:38:52 2021 +1000
ALS water effect & shaders:
Add object shadows for water in a similar fashion to terrain.
Add commented out code of what should be the shader part of clustered lighting for the compositor. getClusteredLightsContribution() normally multiplies the texel by light contributions. It is fed input such that the light contribution term is similar to secondary lights in the water lighting equation, and both are added together.
- Use fixed fg_modelOffset for global coordinates. Fixes haze, snow,
noise
- Use updated texture atlas for mix, deetail, frain, dot, gradient
textures
- Hack transition_model until it is added as Uniform.
Use Uniform Arrays instead of Texture1D.
Use ambient/diffuse/specular/shininess material
properties consistently across all WS30 shaders.
Use consistent shading model for photoscenery vs.
landclass to minimize visual difference.
Add WS3 detailed technique using the "6" slot. Port the ALS haze, lighting, and math parts of the detailed and ultra shaders. The texture lookups are left out.
Shader selection based on terrain quality setting:
- Ultra - ws30-ALS-ultra frag/vert.
- High and Medium - ws30-ALS-detailed frag/vert. The shaders switch code paths based on quality level uniform.
- Low - ws30-ALS frag/vert.
Changelog:
ws30-ALS vertex shaders:
- Ambient colour material colour doesn't seem to be used in the vertex shader, and isn't sent to fragment shaders currently. Regional materials only define non-default ambient colour of vec4(0.0) for water, ocean etc. Otherwise the default value of vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0) is used.
ws30-ALS.frag:
- Set alpha of color to diffuse_term.a, to be consistent with WS2 implementation.
ws30-ALS-ultra.frag and ws30-ALS-detailed.frag
- World pos is assigned a value to allow noise functions to compile.
- Swatch_size is temporarily set to 2000m instead of the xsize texture dimension to allow noise math to run while landclass search and texture arrays are being looked up. Swatch_size is used to adjust the wavelength of multiple overlay mixing noise wavelengths based on how far the textures are stretched (WiP WS2 feature). There are some noise calculations that could run while the first landclass lookup happens. If this is not enough, the selection of calculated noise wavelengths to add could change based on how far the textures are stretched, instead of changing the wavelengths at calculation time.
- Move photoscenery technique no "4" after technique no "7" without changing the index (in case the low index is needed for photoscenery). This makes viewing a diff with the WS2 effect easier.
Performance: Currently there's only 1 ground texture lookup and landclass transitions for that texture. The ultra shader looks up 5 more textures. Probably transitions for 1 more texture need to be supported, as often a base and overlay texture are mixed contributing heavily to visible colour. The math overhead is mostly present, except for noise math being better hidden than in the eventual version. Some of the texture array lookups in the full version may be hidden by the math - depending on GPU memory handling compared to calculation speed.
Power users looking to profile on different GPUs: the controls and toggles, as well as a guide on how to get accurate results are now in: Shaders/ws30-ALS-landclass-search-functions.frag .
Changelog:
- Move landclass search functions in ws30-ALS-ultra.frag into a shader include: ws30-ALS-landclass-search-functions.frag . These controls should be removed when appropriate.
- 2 development controls to reduce haze and/or lighting are left at the top of ws30-ALS-ultra.frag .
(cherry picked from commit 5196dbd4ebd5f586a7261dc3ae46aa50218caf91)
Squashed commit of the following:
commit e7c89ffb600d1bf5cee2936b7dbff31089452745
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Fri Nov 5 23:44:35 2021 +1000
WS30 shaders:
- WS30-ALS and WS30-ALS-ultra fargment and vertex shaders: Fix NDotL being used before it is initialised. Rename varying diffuse_term from WS2 terrain shaders to light_diffuse_comp as the full diffuse term is not calculated until the fragment shader.
- WS30-ALS-ultra.frag: Enable haze and lighting by default.
commit 9b55ad051a8d7f3568dfdcd6890655942999e8d0
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Wed Nov 3 22:50:29 2021 +1000
WS30 terrain shaders: ws30-ALS-ultra.frag
- For power users looking to profile transitions on different GPUs: The test phase toggles and settings for different transition options are available at the start of ws30-ALS-ultra.frag, along with explanations, and how to get accurate profile results on different GPUs. Just need to change a few numbers, save, and debug menu > configure dev extensions > reload shaders to activate.
- Note: at a minimum, small scale transitions to remove the 'squareness' due to the landclass texture need to be used even on old GPUs.
- All transition options are off by default. ws30-ALS-ultra.frag is active when the terrain quality slider is set to Ultra. Start by turning one of small or large scale transitions.
- Texture mixing for small and large scale transitions don't work together, to reduce texture lookups. Turn one off when using the other.
- Landclasses with contrasting colours make transition issues more visble. The driver control panel texture filtering settings reduces issues with seams at landclass borders.
- ws30-ALS.frag is left untouched in this commit, for comparison and reviewing. ws30-ALS.frag is active when terrain quality slider is set High to Low.
Changes:
- Implement large scale transitions and small scale de-pixelisation of landclasses by searching the landclass texture. Several options and quality levels are available for profiling on different GPUs.
- There are fixes for multiple issues dealing with texture rendering.
Changelog:
1.0 - Small-scale transitions:
-- a) Remove squareness due to landclass texture by growing neighbour landclasses onto others depending on a growth priority. This feature uses 2 landclass texture lookups, 1 noise lookup, and only 1 ground texture lookup per point. For now the growth priority is simply the landclass id number. If this approach is used, growth priority would be a materials parameter. A way to set default growth priority by landclass via an xml file would be needed. There is flickering noise at long ranges due to small scale detail in the noise function used for growing landclasses. Partial derivative are used to turn off the feature, but turning off the feature too quickly still shows some square ness in distant landclasses.
-- b) Reduce squareness due to landclass texture by mixing base textures of neighbouring landclasses. This is not perfect, as perfectly square shapes turn into perfectly square shapes with perfectly smudged edges. This uses 2 landclass texture lookups, and 2-3 ground texture lookups.
-- c) - a) and b) can be run at once. This option will also fade the growths gradually with distance. This uses 2 landclass texture lookups, 1 noise lookup, and 2-3 ground texture lookups.
2.0 - Large scale transitions:
-- a) Implemented by searching the landclass texture. The search pattern is current landlcass for the fragment at the center, and n search points in four directions along the s and t axes forming a cross. The search directions are configurable in the code, adn a minimum of 3 directions are needed. The step size is configurable. The fewer the steps, the larger the bands formed in the transitions. There are 1+4*n landclass lookups per n search points. e.g. 1 search point: 5 lookups, 4 search points:17 lookups, 10 search points: 41 lookups.
-- b) An option to dither the transition bands by adding mixing noise is availble. This breaks up the visual impact of bands.
-- c) There is some functionality to grow neighbours on a large scale. No growth priority is used - bothe neighbours will lose definition. A more advanced implementation can use several material parameters to define the nature of the transition: some transitions are very sharp in nature like with agriculture, other transitions can be very gradual, some transitions are patchy. Materials can have competing parameters, to determine which neighbour grows or has a shorter transition on one side. These parameters will need a way of specifying defaults by landclass.
3.0 - Fixes
-- a) - Fix seams at landclass borders. These are caused by different ground textures being stretched by different amounts. At the border, an incorrect mip-map level is looked up, causing a colour disontinuity in addition to the difference between landclasses. The reason the mip-map LoD is incorrect is because GPUs use 4 neighbouring pixels to figure out how fast texture coordinates change with respect to screenspace x and y (i.e. partial derivaitves), and use that information to pick a mip-map level. At a landlcass border, this calculation is incorrect.
-- b) Fix seams at borders caused by the current detiling function. This is due to the detiling function changing the amount textures are stretched, as well as messing with coordinates.
-- c) The solution to a) and b) is to use textureGrad() to lookup textures. It allows specifying partial derivatives. The partial derivatives for the normal texture coordinates are obtained by built-in funcions, and these need to be multiplied by each stretching factor, including different stretching inside conditionals. All future texture lookups that use custom coordinate scaling/manipulation need to use textureGrad. This fixes various signs of incorrect mip-map lod with distance and view angle (textures look stable/solid).
-- d) Fix ground textures being stretched out of proportion in the detiling function. This is caused by tile dimensions not being unequal and texture stretching.
Previous we just applied gl_LightSource[0].ambient without
multiplying it by the texture itself, so it just lightened
everything.
This fixes that. (ws30-ALS-detailed.frag still to do)
commit aca259acaccffbaf1cb264be423dda72c106150e
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 22:55:56 2021 +1000
WS30 shaders: varying fix
commit 91b194f6766d432206cb013d99e0a96cd34ff33b
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 22:17:03 2021 +1000
WS30 ultra shader: port the ambient lighting fix.
Previously only the diffuse term was considered in the fragment
shader, leading to very dark scenery and deep shadows.
Now the ambient light term is also included making the scenery
much closer to the way it should be lit.
commit e131ffaca7b2c934474f0e447b5852cb4c7c8d4a
Author: vs <vs2009@mail.com>
Date: Fri Oct 15 22:19:42 2021 +1000
WS30: landclass and texture lookups in fragment shader:
Changelog:
- Testing: Procedural random landclass function, get_random_landclass(). 1). Avoids a texture lookup for profiling. 2). Creates squares of configurable size with controllable random landclass ranges - to test landclass transition algorithms and quickly profile lots of landclasses in view. It's also possible to put pressure on GPU memory even with 1 lookup of ground textures per fragment, by reducing size to <20m and viewing from altitude.
- Add ALS ultra technique as no 5, move existing ALS technique to no. 6. Add WS30-ALS-ultra frag & vert in preparation for eventual ALS ultra port. Change comments/variables to match using a texture array instead of atlas. Sampler name: atlas -> textureArray.
- Testing/optimisation of de-tiling: WS30-ALS.frag: reorder perlin detiling to make noise source easier to switch. WS30-ALS-ultra.frag: Create alternative to perlin noise used for reducing tiling that avoids a texture lookup - to profile and optimise. This is commented out. The performance difference in the final version depends on memory pressure versus arithmetic load of the full shader. It varies by GPU and what's in view. In future, once a full ALS port is done, maybe it'll be more efficient to run a higher quality de-tiling algorithm all the time to avoid branching overhead due to effects like agriculture which need more de-tiling. De-tiling code in shaders should /eventually/ match CPU-side de-tiling of texture masks used for object and vegetation placement. De-tiling code in GPUs might be subject to precision and numerical artifacts, and if so maybe the texture lookup version would work better. The same applies to noise used for rendering WS3 water waves and collision queries. One option is to use exactly the same glsl code, with a C++ header to convert glsl syntax e.g. https://github.com/g-truc/glm .
The light sprite diminished to zero size as the FOV was decreased
(in sim zoom), and increased considerably as the FOV was increased.
This commit fixed this by taking the FOV into account to keep the light
sprite size roughly constant across the valid FOV range.
