Old calculation was
output = input * gain
and is now
output = (input-reference) * gain
Note: the PI(D) controller use (reference-input) which effectively reverses the sign. Our notation was picked for backwards compatibility to not break the myriads of <filter> elements currently existing.
All the rest is some code cleanup.
"logic filters" use well known conditions to drive output properties. Example for bax = baz & (foo | bar).
<logic>
<name>my first logic element</name>
<input>
<or>
<property>foo</property>
<property>bar</property>
</or>
<property>baz</property>
</input>
<output>bax</output>
</logic>
- allow multiple <autopilot> elements within an aircraft. All autopilot live in an individual FGXMLAutopilot subsystem which run within a subsystem group now.
<abs>true</abs>
for input elements.
If set to true, the input value is filtered thru fabs() function.
Defaults to false if absent, so there is no impact for existing configurations
Thanks to Vivian Meazza for debugging this. The output deque for
FGDigitalFilter was not being kept long enough for the
doubleExponential filter. Reads from output[1] could cause a crash.
Lee has added two new filter types, "gain" and "reciprocal". These filters can
read their gain factor from a property. In the process we also added minimum
and maximum output clamps that are applicable to all filters.
I added the ability to configure adaptive controllers i.e. the controller gain
can be tied to a property, so that it can be changed at runtime. This
requires a change in the xml structure of the autopilot configuration file:
<Kp>
<prop>/autopilot/KAP140/settings/ROL/Kp</prop>
<value>0.10</value>
</Kp> <!-- proportional gain -->
The old method <Kp>0.10</Kp> still works so as to not break all existing
autopilots, but it will output a warning to use the new method.
Please find attatched a new version of xmlauto.cxx.
Remove the call to build() in reinit(). This prevents build() from being
called twice when Reload Autopilot is selected from the Debug menu.
I've also added the ability to define an enabled property for the filters.
It's used like the PID controllers. If there is no enabled tag then the
filter defaults to enabled so that nothing should get broken by this change.
This ability can be used to create a filter between the output of a PID
controller and the property that it controls (a control surface). By putting
a noise spike filter between the output of a controller and the control
surface that it controls, we can simulate the limited movement rate that is
inherent in autopilot servos.
autopilot with the servos off. In otherwords, the computer goes through the
motions of computing the desired behavior (pitch or roll) but doesn't actually
drive the outputs. This is potentially useful when implimenting a flight
director.
I've prepared a patch as suggested by Hans-Georg Wunder and Jeff McBride.
In addition I've removed the ability to completely leave out the integral
action by setting Ti to zero. The velocity form of the PID algorithm _needs_
the integral action.
>> Hello List,
>>
>> I think there's a small bug in the moving-average filter in
>> xmlauto.cxx
>>
>> I noticed that the output from it was always out a bit and
>> checking with a calculator showed that it seemed to be dividing
>> by the number of samples + 1 instead of just the number of
>> samples.
>>
>> subtracting 1 from 'samples' in line 702 seems to fix the problem
>> and as 'samples' doesn't seem to be used elsewhere I think it's
>> safe. Possibly implies that the number of samples may be one
>> less than specified but I'm not familiar enough with c++ to spot
>> it.
Roy Ovesen:
You are right. I would suggest resizing input[] to (samples + 1) instead.
Change lines 654 and 661 to:
input.resize(samples + 1, 0.0);
That way we average over the number of samples as configured.
I've added some features to the PID controller:
Ability to set desired sampling interval in seconds. Use <Ts> under <config>
to set the desired sampling interval of the PID controller.
Example:
<config>
<Ts>0.1</Ts> <!-- desired sampling interval -->
<Kp>-0.05</Kp> <!-- proportional gain -->
<beta>1.0</beta> <!-- input value weighing factor -->
...
...
</config>
Ts defaults to 0.0, so if you don't set it it samples at the highest possible
frequency.
Add an offset to the input variables (input and reference).
Example:
<reference>
<prop>/controls/flight/elevator</prop>
<scale>-1.5</scale>
<offset>1.0</offset>
</reference>
Note that <scale> has higher precedence than <offset>, regardless of the order
that they appear in the config file.
I've added some digital filters to the autopilot. They are all low-pass
filters that filter away high frequency signals/noise. There are 4 different
filters:
1. Exponential - The algorithm is essentially the same as the one used in the
fgGetLowPass() function.
2. Double exponential - Two exponential filters in series. This filter has a
"steeper" frequency response curve. It filters "better" than the single
exponential.
3. Moving average - Averages a number of inputs.
4. Noise spike - limits the amount that the output value can change from one
sample to the next.
Filters 1 and 2 are characterised by it's filter-time in seconds. For filter 3
you have to set the number of input samples to average over. For filter 4 you
set the maximum allowed rate of change as [1/s]. Since the sampling interval
(dt) isn't constant we have to calculate the maximum allowed change for every
update.
Example of a double exponential filter with filter time 0.1 seconds, that is
1/0.1 = 10 Hz.
<filter>
<name>pressure-rate-filter</name>
<debug>true</debug>
<type>double-exponential</type>
<input>/autopilot/internal/pressure-rate</input>
<output>/autopilot/internal/filtered-pressure-rate</output>
<filter-time>0.1</filter-time>
</filter>
This would go in the autopilot configuration file.
I've also removed the filtering of the "pressure-rate" helper value, use the
new filters if you want to filter it! ;-)
