fgdata/Aircraft/c172p/Tutorials/pattern.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<PropertyList>

    <name>Flying the Pattern</name>

    <description>
The traffic pattern is used as a method to stop aircraft crashing into each other when near an airport.
    
The pattern is a rectangular flight path with the runway forming one of the long sides.

We will be flying at Sabadell (LELL) - a small airport in the north of Barcelona, from runway 13, on a clear day.
    
It consists of the following sections:
- Upwind.    Once we've taken off, we flying straight ahead on the runway heading (130 deg) to 1000 ft with.
- Crosswind. At 500 ft, we turn left 90 degrees to 40 deg and continue climbing until we get to 1500 ft.
- Downwind.  When we reach 1500 ft, we turn left again so we are parallel to the runway, which is 310 deg, reduce power and fly at 100 kts. When we are "abeam the numbers" (opposite the number on the runway we intend to land on), we reduce power to 60 %, drop one notch of flat and descend 100 ft at 90 kts.
- Base.      We now make another left-hand turn to 220 deg, add another notch of flaps, and let speed continue to dissipate to 70 knots. Because of the hills around Sabadell we need to maintain a safe altitude above the ground, resulting in a quite high and steep approach.
- Final.     At the correct moment (based on visual queues), we make a final left turn to line up with the runway. Maks sure to stay a safe altitude above ground! We drop our final lot of flaps, descend and land.
    </description>

    <audio-dir>Tutorials/pattern</audio-dir>
    <timeofday>noon</timeofday>
    <presets>
        <airport-id>LELL</airport-id>
        <on-ground>1</on-ground>
        <runway>13</runway>
        <altitude-ft>-9999</altitude-ft>
        <latitude-deg>-9999</latitude-deg>
        <longitude-deg>-9999</longitude-deg>
        <heading-deg>0</heading-deg>
        <airspeed-kt>0</airspeed-kt>
        <glideslope-deg>0</glideslope-deg>
        <offset-azimuth-deg>0</offset-azimuth-deg>
        <offset-distance-nm>0</offset-distance-nm>
    </presets>

    <step>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/door-positions/baggageDoor/position-norm</property>
            <value>0</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/door-positions/leftDoor/position-norm</property>
            <value>0</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/door-positions/rightDoor/position-norm</property>
            <value>0</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/securing/chock</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/securing/tiedownL-visible</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/securing/tiedownR-visible</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/securing/tiedownT-visible</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/securing/pitot-cover-visible</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>sim/model/c172p/engine_flag_0</property>
            <value>1</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>sim/model/c172p/engine_flag_1</property>
            <value>0</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/controls/engines/active-engine</property>
            <value>0</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>instrumentation/altimeter/setting-inhg</property>
            <value>29.95</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/controls/engines/engine/primer</property>
            <value>4</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/controls/engines/current-engine/throttle</property>
            <value>0.2</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/controls/flight/flaps</property>
            <value>0.0</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/brake-parking</property>
            <value>1</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/controls/switches/magnetos</property>
            <value>3</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/instrumentation/adf/frequencies/selected-khz</property>
            <value>367</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/environment/weather-scenario</property>
            <value>Fair weather</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/controls/flight/elevator-trim</property>
            <value>0.17</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/cockpit/control-lock-placed</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/sim/model/c172p/cockpit/control-lock-visible</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>
        <nasal>
            <script>
                setprop("/controls/engines/current-engine/mixture", 1.0);
                setprop("/controls/switches/starter", 1);
            </script>
        </nasal>
        <message></message>
        <view>
            <heading-offset-deg>0.0</heading-offset-deg>
            <pitch-offset-deg>-12</pitch-offset-deg>
            <roll-offset-deg>0.0</roll-offset-deg>
            <x-offset-m>-0.21</x-offset-m>
            <y-offset-m>0.19</y-offset-m>
            <field-of-view>73.6</field-of-view>
        </view>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Release the parking brakes, smoothly apply full power and start your take-off.</message>

        <nasal>
            <script>
                var listeners = std.Vector.new();

                listeners.append(setlistener("/engines/active-engine/running", func (node) {
                    if (node.getBoolValue()) {
                        setprop("/controls/switches/starter", 0);
                        foreach (var listener; listeners.vector) {
                            removelistener(listener);
                        }
                        listeners.clear();
                    }
                }, 1, 0));
            </script>
        </nasal>

        <error>
            <message>Release the parking brake using Shift B</message>
            <condition>
                <equals>
                    <property>/sim/model/c172p/brake-parking</property>
                    <value>1</value>
                </equals>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>Apply full throttle for take-off</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/controls/engines/current-engine/throttle</property>
                    <value>0.95</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/velocities/airspeed-kt</property>
                    <value>5.0</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Stay on the center-line of the runway using the rudder.</message>

        <set>
            <property>/controls/switches/starter</property>
            <value>false</value>
        </set>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/velocities/airspeed-kt</property>
                    <value>45.0</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Take-off at 65 knots and climb straight out on heading 130 at 600 feet per minute (about 70 knots).</message>
        <exit>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/vertical-speed-indicator/indicated-speed-fpm</property>
                    <value>300</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Continue your climb on heading 130 at 600 feet per minute to 1000 feet.</message>

        <error>
            <message>Your climb angle is too shallow - raise the nose slightly to increase your climb rate.</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/vertical-speed-indicator/indicated-speed-fpm</property>
                    <value>400</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>Your climb angle is too great - lower the nose slightly to decrease your climb rate.</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/vertical-speed-indicator/indicated-speed-fpm</property>
                    <value>900</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are heading too far left, Turn right slightly to heading 130.</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>120</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are heading too far right, Turn left slightly to heading 130.</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>140</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are in danger of being "behind the power curve". Drop the nose to speed up to 70 knots.</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/velocities/airspeed-kt</property>
                    <value>60</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>900</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Make a left turn to crosswind (heading 040) and continue climbing to 1500 feet.</message>

        <error>
            <message>You're too far right. Turn left to heading 040!</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>50</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <error>
            <message>You're too far left. Turn right to heading 040!</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>30</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <and>
                    <greater-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                        <value>1400</value>
                    </greater-than>
                    <greater-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                        <value>030</value>
                    </greater-than>
                    <less-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                        <value>050</value>
                    </less-than>
                </and>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Level off the aircraft at 1500 ft and maintain heading and altitude for a few more seconds</message>
        <wait>10</wait>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Now make another 90 degree left turn to downwind (heading 310).</message>

        <error>
            <message>You're getting too low. Climb to 1500 ft!</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>1400</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <error>
            <message>You're getting too high. Descent to 1500 ft!</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>1600</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <error>
            <message>You're too far right. Turn left to heading 310!</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>320</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <error>
            <message>You're too far left. Turn right to heading 310!</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>300</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <and>
                    <less-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                        <value>1600</value>
                    </less-than>
                    <greater-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                        <value>1400</value>
                    </greater-than>
                    <greater-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                        <value>300</value>
                    </greater-than>
                    <less-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                        <value>320</value>
                    </less-than>
                </and>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Reduce power to 80-85%, and trim for level flight. Continue flying parallel to the runway.</message>
        <error>
            <message>You are heading too far left, Turn right slightly to heading 310.</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>300</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are heading too far right, Turn left slightly to heading 310.</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>320</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are too high. Pattern altitude is 1500 feet.</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>1600</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are too low. Pattern altitude is 1500 feet.</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>1400</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/position/latitude-deg</property>
                    <value>41.544</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>You are now opposite the end of the runway. Reduce power to 70%, set flaps to 10.</message>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <and>
                    <greater-than>
                        <property>/controls/flight/flaps</property>
                        <value>0.3</value>
                    </greater-than>
                    <less-than>
                        <property>/controls/engines/current-engine/throttle</property>
                        <value>0.75</value>
                    </less-than>
                </and>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Let the aircraft descend and slow down. Continue flying a heading of 310.</message>

        <error>
            <message>You are heading too far left, Turn right slightly to heading 300.</message>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>300</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are heading too far right, Turn left slightly to heading 300.</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                    <value>320</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>
        <error>
            <message>You are too high. You should be descending to around 1300 feet.</message>
            <condition>
                <greater-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>1350</value>
                </greater-than>
            </condition>
        </error>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft</property>
                    <value>1350</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <set>
            <property>/instrumentation/nav/frequencies/selected-mhz</property>
            <value>112</value>
        </set>
        <set>
            <property>/instrumentation/nav[0]/radials/selected-deg</property>
            <value>127</value>
        </set>
        <message>Turn left to base (heading 220), and set flaps to 20.
      Continue descending, but make sure to maintain a safe altitude above the ground! 
        </message>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/instrumentation/nav[0]/filtered-cdiNAV0-deflection</property>
                    <value>4</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Turn onto final (heading 130), and line up with the runway.</message>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <and>
                    <greater-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                        <value>120</value>
                    </greater-than>
                    <less-than>
                        <property>/instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg</property>
                        <value>140</value>
                    </less-than>
                    <less-than>
                        <property>/position/latitude-deg</property>
                        <value>41.538</value>
                    </less-than>
                </and>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Set flaps to 30. Control your descent rate using the throttle.
            Watch the VASI lights to see if you're on the correct glideslope.</message>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/position/latitude-deg</property>
                    <value>41.528</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Slowly reduce power to idle. When you are about 10 feet above the ground,
      smoothly bring the nose up so it is just above the horizon.
        </message>
        <exit>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/position/altitude-agl-ft</property>
                    <value>10.0</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Keep tracking straight down the runway using the rudder
      and let the aircraft land on the main gear.
        </message>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/velocities/airspeed-kt</property>
                    <value>45.0</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Lower the nose wheel, continue to track down the runway and gently brake to a stop.</message>

        <exit>
            <condition>
                <less-than>
                    <property>/velocities/airspeed-kt</property>
                    <value>5.0</value>
                </less-than>
            </condition>
        </exit>
    </step>

    <step>
        <message>Congratulations on successfully following the pattern.
      If you want to practice more landings, you can take off again immediately.
      Don't forget to lift your flaps though! This is known as a Touch and Go.
        </message>
    </step>

</PropertyList>