From 2df4726f33933ffa02344790c1c7dfd7572b266d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: curt <curt>
Date: Mon, 8 Nov 2004 21:59:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Do a least squares nurbs approximation to coarse grid when
deriving airport surface. I think I have this working robustly.
A few miscellaneous tweaks to handle latest X-Plane data (with a few new
runway surface codes we hadn't seen before.)
---
src/Airports/GenAirports/apt_surface.cxx | 178 +++++++++++++++++------
src/Airports/GenAirports/build.cxx | 14 +-
src/Airports/GenAirports/elevations.cxx | 36 ++---
src/Airports/GenAirports/global.hxx | 11 +-
src/Airports/GenAirports/main.cxx | 9 +-
5 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/Airports/GenAirports/apt_surface.cxx b/src/Airports/GenAirports/apt_surface.cxx
index 63ac256f..417e4ab3 100644
--- a/src/Airports/GenAirports/apt_surface.cxx
+++ b/src/Airports/GenAirports/apt_surface.cxx
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ static bool limit_slope( Matrix_Point3Dd &Pts, int i1, int j1, int i2, int j2,
bool slope_error = false;
Point3Dd p1, p2;
- p1 = Pts(j1,i1);
- p2 = Pts(j2,i2);
+ p1 = Pts(i1,j1);
+ p2 = Pts(i2,j2);
double az1, az2, dist;
double slope;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static bool limit_slope( Matrix_Point3Dd &Pts, int i1, int j1, int i2, int j2,
} else {
p1.z() = p2.z() + (dist * slope_max);
}
- Pts(j1,i1) = p1;
+ Pts(i1,j1) = p1;
} else {
// cout << " p2 error larger" << endl;
if ( slope > 0 ) {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static bool limit_slope( Matrix_Point3Dd &Pts, int i1, int j1, int i2, int j2,
} else {
p2.z() = p1.z() - (dist * slope_max);
}
- Pts(j2,i2) = p2;
+ Pts(i2,j2) = p2;
}
// cout << " z1 = " << p1.z() << " z2 = " << p2.z() << endl;
}
@@ -126,10 +126,18 @@ TGAptSurface::TGAptSurface( const string& path,
int xdivs = (int)(x_m / coarse_grid) + 1;
int ydivs = (int)(y_m / coarse_grid) + 1;
+#if defined( _NURBS_GLOBAL_INTERP )
if ( xdivs < 3 ) { xdivs = 3; }
if ( ydivs < 3 ) { ydivs = 3; }
-
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, " M(" << ydivs << "," << xdivs << ")");
+#elif defined( _NURBS_LEAST_SQUARES )
+ // Minimum divs appears to need to be at least 5 before the
+ // leastsquares nurbs surface approximation stops crashing.
+ if ( xdivs < 5 ) { xdivs = 5; }
+ if ( ydivs < 5 ) { ydivs = 5; }
+#else
+# error "Need to define _NURBS_GLOBAL_INTER or _NURBS_LEAST_SQUARES"
+#endif
+ SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_INFO, " M(" << ydivs << "," << xdivs << ")");
double dlon = x_deg / xdivs;
double dlat = y_deg / ydivs;
@@ -140,39 +148,56 @@ TGAptSurface::TGAptSurface( const string& path,
// with an added major row column on the NE sides.)
int mult = 10;
Matrix_Point3Dd dPts( (ydivs + 1) * mult + 1, (xdivs + 1) * mult + 1 );
- for ( int i = 0; i < dPts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( int j = 0; j < dPts.rows(); ++j ) {
- dPts(j,i) = Point3Dd( min_deg.lon() - dlon_h
- + i * (dlon / (double)mult),
+ for ( int j = 0; j < dPts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < dPts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ dPts(i,j) = Point3Dd( min_deg.lon() - dlon_h
+ + j * (dlon / (double)mult),
min_deg.lat() - dlat_h
- + j * (dlat / (double)mult),
+ + i * (dlat / (double)mult),
-9999 );
}
}
// Lookup the elevations of all the grid points
tgCalcElevations( path, elev_src, dPts, 0.0 );
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ for ( int j = 0; j < dPts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < dPts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ printf("%.5f %.5f %.1f\n", dPts(i,j).x(), dPts(i,j).y(),
+ dPts(i,j).z() );
+ }
+ }
+#endif
// Clamp the elevations against the externally provided average
// elevation.
tgClampElevations( dPts, average_elev_m, max_clamp );
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ for ( int j = 0; j < dPts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < dPts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ printf("%.5f %.5f %.1f\n", dPts(i,j).x(), dPts(i,j).y(),
+ dPts(i,j).z() );
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
// Build the normal res input grid from the double res version
Matrix_Point3Dd Pts(ydivs + 1, xdivs + 1);
double ave_divider = (mult+1) * (mult+1);
- for ( int i = 0; i < Pts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( int j = 0; j < Pts.rows(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, i << "," << j);
double accum = 0.0;
double lon_accum = 0.0;
double lat_accum = 0.0;
- for ( int ii = 0; ii <= mult; ++ii ) {
- for ( int jj = 0; jj <= mult; ++jj ) {
- double value = dPts(mult*j + jj, mult*i + ii).z();
+ for ( int jj = 0; jj <= mult; ++jj ) {
+ for ( int ii = 0; ii <= mult; ++ii ) {
+ double value = dPts(mult*i + ii, mult*j + jj).z();
SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, "value = " << value );
accum += value;
- lon_accum += dPts(mult*j + jj, mult*i + ii).x();
- lat_accum += dPts(mult*j + jj, mult*i + ii).y();
+ lon_accum += dPts(mult*i + ii, mult*j + jj).x();
+ lat_accum += dPts(mult*i + ii, mult*j + jj).y();
}
}
double val_ave = accum / ave_divider;
@@ -180,24 +205,32 @@ TGAptSurface::TGAptSurface( const string& path,
double lat_ave = lat_accum / ave_divider;
SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, " val_ave = " << val_ave );
- Pts(j,i) = Point3Dd( min_deg.lon() + i * dlon,
- min_deg.lat() + j * dlat,
+ Pts(i,j) = Point3Dd( min_deg.lon() + j * dlon,
+ min_deg.lat() + i * dlat,
val_ave );
-
SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, "lon_ave = " << lon_ave
<< " lat_ave = " << lat_ave );
- SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, "lon = " << min_deg.lon() + i * dlon
- << " lat = " << min_deg.lat() + j * dlat );
+ SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, "lon = " << min_deg.lon() + j * dlon
+ << " lat = " << min_deg.lat() + i * dlat );
}
}
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ for ( int j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ printf("%.5f %.5f %.1f\n", Pts(i,j).x(), Pts(i,j).y(),
+ Pts(i,j).z() );
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
bool slope_error = true;
while ( slope_error ) {
SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, "start of slope processing pass" );
slope_error = false;
// Add some "slope" sanity to the resulting surface grid points
- for ( int i = 0; i < Pts.cols() - 1; ++i ) {
- for ( int j = 0; j < Pts.rows() - 1; ++j ) {
+ for ( int j = 0; j < Pts.cols() - 1; ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < Pts.rows() - 1; ++i ) {
if ( limit_slope( Pts, i, j, i+1, j, average_elev_m ) ) {
slope_error = true;
}
@@ -211,27 +244,67 @@ TGAptSurface::TGAptSurface( const string& path,
}
}
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ for ( int j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ printf("%.5f %.5f %.1f\n", Pts(i,j).x(), Pts(i,j).y(),
+ Pts(i,j).z() );
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
// Create the nurbs surface
SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, "ready to create nurbs surface");
apt_surf = new PlNurbsSurfaced;
+#if defined( _NURBS_GLOBAL_INTERP )
apt_surf->globalInterp( Pts, 3, 3);
+#elif defined( _NURBS_LEAST_SQUARES )
+ cout << "Col = " << Pts.cols() << " Rows = " << Pts.rows() << endl;
+ int nU = Pts.rows() / 2; if ( nU < 4 ) { nU = 4; }
+ int nV = Pts.cols() / 2; if ( nV < 4 ) { nV = 4; }
+ cout << "nU = " << nU << " nV = " << nV << endl;
+ apt_surf->leastSquares( Pts, 3, 3, nU, nV );
+
+ // sanity check: I'm finding that leastSquares() can produce nan
+ // surfaces. We test for this and fall back to globalInterp() if
+ // the least squares fails.
+ Point3Dd p = apt_surf->pointAt( 0.5, 0.5 );
+ if ( p.z() <= 0.0 || p.z() >= 0.0 ) {
+ // ok, a valid number
+ } else {
+ // no, sorry, a nan is not <= 0.0 or >= 0.0
+ SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_WARN,
+ "leastSquares() failed, aborting().");
+ exit(-1);
+
+ // we could fall back to globalInterp() rather than aborting
+ // if we wanted to ...
+ apt_surf->globalInterp( Pts, 3, 3);
+ }
+#else
+# error "Need to define _NURBS_GLOBAL_INTER or _NURBS_LEAST_SQUARES"
+#endif
SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, " successful.");
-#if 0
+#ifdef DEBUG
// For debugging only: output an array of surface points suitable
// for plotting with gnuplot. This is useful for comparing the
// approximated and smoothed surface to the original rough
// surface.
cout << "DEBUGGING TEST" << endl;
- for ( int i = 0; i < (xdivs+2) * mult + 1; ++i ) {
- for ( int j = 0; j < (ydivs+2) * mult + 1; ++j ) {
- double x = min_deg.lon() + (i-mult)*(dlon/(double)mult);
- double y = min_deg.lat() + (j-mult)*(dlat/(double)mult);
- cout << x << " " << y << " " << query(x,y) << endl;
+ const int divs = 100;
+ double dx = x_deg / divs;
+ double dy = y_deg / divs;
+ for ( int j = 0; j < divs; ++j ) {
+ for ( int i = 0; i < divs; ++i ) {
+ double lon = min_deg.lon() + j * dx;
+ double lat = min_deg.lat() + i * dy;
+ printf("%.5f %.5f %.1f\n", lon, lat, query_solver(lon, lat) );
}
}
#endif
+
}
@@ -270,10 +343,9 @@ double TGAptSurface::query( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
return p.z();
}
+
// Query the elevation of a point, return -9999 if out of range
double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
- const double eps = 0.0000005;
-
// sanity check
if ( lon_deg < min_deg.lon() || lon_deg > max_deg.lon() ||
lat_deg < min_deg.lat() || lat_deg > max_deg.lat() )
@@ -298,9 +370,10 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
// cout << " solving for u,v simultaneously" << endl;
count = 0;
- while ( count < 0 ) {
+ while ( count < 0 /* disable fast solver for now */ ) {
if ( u < 0.0 || u > 1.0 || v < 0.0 || v > 1.0 ) {
- // oops, something goofed in the solver
+ cout << "oops, something goofed in the solver" << endl;
+ exit(-1);
}
p = apt_surf->pointAt( u, v );
@@ -312,7 +385,7 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
dy = lat_deg - p.y();
// cout << " dx = " << dx << " dy = " << dy << endl;
- if ( (fabs(dx) < eps) && (fabs(dy) < eps) ) {
+ if ( (fabs(dx) < nurbs_eps) && (fabs(dy) < nurbs_eps) ) {
return p.z();
} else {
u = u + (dy/lat_range);
@@ -328,7 +401,7 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
// cout << "quick query solver failed..." << endl;
- // failed to converge with fast approach, try a binary paritition
+ // failed to converge with fast approach, try a binary partition
// scheme, however we have to solve each axis independently
// because when we move in one axis we may change our position in
// the other axis.
@@ -344,6 +417,8 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
dx = 1000.0;
dy = 1000.0;
+ int gcount = 0;
+
while ( true ) {
// cout << "solving for u" << endl;
@@ -356,21 +431,21 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
// << p.z() << endl;
// cout << " found " << p.x() << ", " << p.y() << " = " << p.z()
// << endl;
- dy = lat_deg - p.y();
dx = lon_deg - p.x();
- // cout << " dx = " << dx << " dy = " << dy << endl;
+ dy = lat_deg - p.y();
+ // cout << " dx = " << dx << " dy = " << dy << " z = " << p.z() << endl;
// double az1, az2, dist;
// geo_inverse_wgs_84( 0, lat_deg, lon_deg, p.y(), p.x(),
// &az1, &az2, &dist );
// cout << " query distance error = " << dist << endl;
- if ( fabs(dy) < eps ) {
+ if ( fabs(dy) < nurbs_eps ) {
break;
} else {
- if ( dy >= eps ) {
+ if ( dy >= nurbs_eps ) {
min_u = u;
- } else if ( dy <= eps ) {
+ } else if ( dy <= nurbs_eps ) {
max_u = u;
}
}
@@ -392,18 +467,18 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
// << endl;
dx = lon_deg - p.x();
dy = lat_deg - p.y();
- // cout << " dx = " << dx << " dy = " << dy << endl;
+ // cout << " dx = " << dx << " dy = " << dy << " z = " << p.z() << endl;
// double az1, az2, dist;
// geo_inverse_wgs_84( 0, lat_deg, lon_deg, p.y(), p.x(),
// &az1, &az2, &dist );
// cout << " query distance error = " << dist << endl;
- if ( fabs(dx) < eps ) {
+ if ( fabs(dx) < nurbs_eps ) {
break;
} else {
- if ( dx >= eps ) {
+ if ( dx >= nurbs_eps ) {
min_v = v;
- } else if ( dx <= eps ) {
+ } else if ( dx <= nurbs_eps ) {
max_v = v;
}
}
@@ -412,13 +487,22 @@ double TGAptSurface::query_solver( double lon_deg, double lat_deg ) {
++count;
}
- if ( (fabs(dx) < eps) && (fabs(dy) < eps) ) {
+ // cout << "query count = " << gcount << " dist = " << dx << ", "
+ // << dy << endl;
+
+ if ( (fabs(dx) < nurbs_eps) && (fabs(dy) < nurbs_eps) ) {
// double az1, az2, dist;
// geo_inverse_wgs_84( 0, lat_deg, lon_deg, p.y(), p.x(),
// &az1, &az2, &dist );
// cout << " final query distance error = " << dist << endl;
return p.z();
}
+
+ gcount++;
+ if ( gcount % 100 == 0 ) {
+ cout << "query count = " << gcount << " dist = " << dx << ", "
+ << dy << endl;
+ }
}
cout << "binary solver failed..." << endl;
diff --git a/src/Airports/GenAirports/build.cxx b/src/Airports/GenAirports/build.cxx
index f4becd15..9ff354dd 100644
--- a/src/Airports/GenAirports/build.cxx
+++ b/src/Airports/GenAirports/build.cxx
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ static void build_runway( const TGRunway& rwy_info,
} else if ( surface_code == 13 /* Water runway (buoy's?) */ ) {
// water
} else {
+ SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_WARN, "surface_code = " << surface_code);
throw sg_exception("unknown runway type!");
}
@@ -314,6 +315,10 @@ static void build_runway( const TGRunway& rwy_info,
// visual runway markings
gen_visual_rwy( rwy_info, alt_m, material,
rwy_polys, texparams, accum );
+ } else if ( rwy_info.marking_code == 0 /* No known markings, lets assume Visual */ ) {
+ // visual runway markings
+ gen_visual_rwy( rwy_info, alt_m, material,
+ rwy_polys, texparams, accum );
} else if ( surface_code == 13 /* Water buoys */ ) {
// do nothing for now.
} else {
@@ -552,8 +557,13 @@ void build_airport( string airport_id, float alt_m,
&& runways[i].marking_code != 2 /* Non-precision */
&& runways[i].marking_code != 1 /* Visual */ )
{
- if ( runways[i].surface_code != 13 ) {
- // only build non-water runways
+ if ( runways[i].surface_code != 6 /* Asphalt Helipad */ &&
+ runways[i].surface_code != 7 /* Concrete Helipad */ &&
+ runways[i].surface_code != 8 /* Turf Helipad */ &&
+ runways[i].surface_code != 9 /* Dirt Helipad */ &&
+ runways[i].surface_code != 13 /* Water/buoy runway */ )
+ {
+ // only build non-water and non-heliport runways
build_runway( runways[i], alt_m,
&rwy_polys, &texparams, &accum,
&apt_base, &apt_clearing );
diff --git a/src/Airports/GenAirports/elevations.cxx b/src/Airports/GenAirports/elevations.cxx
index 7ecd497a..945482d5 100644
--- a/src/Airports/GenAirports/elevations.cxx
+++ b/src/Airports/GenAirports/elevations.cxx
@@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ void tgCalcElevations( const string &root, const string_list elev_src,
}
// set all elevations to -9999
- for ( i = 0; i < Pts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( j = 0; j < Pts.rows(); ++j ) {
- Point3Dd p = Pts(j,i);
+ for ( j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ Point3Dd p = Pts(i,j);
p.z() = -9999.0;
}
}
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ void tgCalcElevations( const string &root, const string_list elev_src,
// find first node with -9999 elevation
Point3Dd first;
bool found_one = false;
- for ( i = 0; i < Pts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( j = 0; j < Pts.rows(); ++j ) {
- Point3Dd p = Pts(j,i);
+ for ( j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ Point3Dd p = Pts(i,j);
if ( p.z() < -9000.0 && !found_one ) {
first = p;
found_one = true;
@@ -204,16 +204,16 @@ void tgCalcElevations( const string &root, const string_list elev_src,
// this array file
double elev;
done = true;
- for ( i = 0; i < Pts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( j = 0; j < Pts.rows(); ++j ) {
- Point3Dd p = Pts(j,i);
+ for ( j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ Point3Dd p = Pts(i,j);
if ( p.z() < -9000.0 ) {
done = false;
elev = array.altitude_from_grid( p.x() * 3600.0,
p.y() * 3600.0 );
if ( elev > -9000 ) {
p.z() = elev;
- Pts(j,i) = p;
+ Pts(i,j) = p;
// cout << "interpolating for " << p << endl;
// cout << p.x() << " " << p.y() << " " << p.z()
// << endl;
@@ -233,9 +233,9 @@ void tgCalcElevations( const string &root, const string_list elev_src,
// find the average height of the queried points
double total = 0.0;
int count = 0;
- for ( i = 0; i < Pts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( j = 0; j < Pts.rows(); ++j ) {
- Point3Dd p = Pts(j,i);
+ for ( j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ Point3Dd p = Pts(i,j);
total += p.z();
count++;
}
@@ -255,20 +255,20 @@ void tgClampElevations( Matrix_Point3Dd &Pts,
// go through the elevations and clamp all elevations to within
// +/-max_m of the center_m elevation.
- for ( i = 0; i < Pts.cols(); ++i ) {
- for ( j = 0; j < Pts.rows(); ++j ) {
- Point3Dd p = Pts(j,i);
+ for ( j = 0; j < Pts.cols(); ++j ) {
+ for ( i = 0; i < Pts.rows(); ++i ) {
+ Point3Dd p = Pts(i,j);
if ( p.z() < center_m - max_clamp_m ) {
SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, " clamping " << p.z()
<< " to " << center_m - max_clamp_m );
p.z() = center_m - max_clamp_m;
- Pts(j,i) = p;
+ Pts(i,j) = p;
}
if ( p.z() > center_m + max_clamp_m ) {
SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEBUG, " clamping " << p.z()
<< " to " << center_m + max_clamp_m );
p.z() = center_m + max_clamp_m;
- Pts(j,i) = p;
+ Pts(i,j) = p;
}
}
}
diff --git a/src/Airports/GenAirports/global.hxx b/src/Airports/GenAirports/global.hxx
index f431e13c..2fff0c1a 100644
--- a/src/Airports/GenAirports/global.hxx
+++ b/src/Airports/GenAirports/global.hxx
@@ -29,14 +29,21 @@
extern int nudge;
// Final grid size for airport surface (in meters)
-const double coarse_grid = 700.0;
+const double coarse_grid = 500.0;
// compared to the average surface elevation, clamp all values within
// this many meters of the average
const double max_clamp = 100.0;
// maximum slope (rise/run) allowed on an airport surface
-const double slope_max = 0.009;
+const double slope_max = 0.02;
const double slope_eps = 0.00001;
+// nurbs query/search epsilon
+const double nurbs_eps = 0.0000001;
+
+// Define only one of the following
+// #define _NURBS_GLOBAL_APPROX 1
+#define _NURBS_LEAST_SQUARES 1
+
#endif // _GEN_AIRPORT_GLOBAL_HXX
diff --git a/src/Airports/GenAirports/main.cxx b/src/Airports/GenAirports/main.cxx
index 95f22c55..c1ef9d26 100644
--- a/src/Airports/GenAirports/main.cxx
+++ b/src/Airports/GenAirports/main.cxx
@@ -271,10 +271,7 @@ int main( int argc, char **argv ) {
in.getline(tmp, 2048);
vector<string> vers_token = simgear::strutils::split( tmp );
SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_INFO, "Data version = " << vers_token[0] );
- } else if ( token[0] == "1" /* Airport */
- || token[0] == "16" /* Seaplane Base */
- || token[0] == "17" /* Heliport */ )
- {
+ } else if ( token[0] == "1" /* Airport */ ) {
// extract some airport runway info
string rwy;
float lat, lon;
@@ -357,6 +354,10 @@ int main( int argc, char **argv ) {
windsock_list.push_back(line);
} else if ( token[0] == "15" ) {
// ignore custom startup locations
+ } else if ( token[0] == "16" ) {
+ // ignore seaplane bases for now
+ } else if ( token[0] == "17" ) {
+ // ignore heliports for now
} else if ( token[0] == "50" || token[0] == "51" || token[0] == "52"
|| token[0] == "53" || token[0] == "54" || token[0] == "55"
|| token[0] == "56" )