735 lines
25 KiB
C++
735 lines
25 KiB
C++
// electrical.cxx - a flexible, generic electrical system model.
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//
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// Written by Curtis Olson, started September 2002.
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//
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// Copyright (C) 2002 Curtis L. Olson - http://www.flightgear.org/~curt
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//
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// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
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// License, or (at your option) any later version.
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//
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// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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// General Public License for more details.
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//
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// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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// Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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//
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// $Id$
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#include <simgear/structure/exception.hxx>
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#include <simgear/misc/sg_path.hxx>
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#include <Main/fg_props.hxx>
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#include <Main/globals.hxx>
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#include "electrical.hxx"
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FGElectricalComponent::FGElectricalComponent() :
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kind(-1),
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name(""),
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volts(0.0),
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load_amps(0.0)
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{
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}
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FGElectricalSupplier::FGElectricalSupplier ( SGPropertyNode *node ) {
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kind = FG_SUPPLIER;
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// cout << "Creating a supplier" << endl;
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name = node->getStringValue("name");
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string _model = node->getStringValue("kind");
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// cout << "_model = " << _model << endl;
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if ( _model == "battery" ) {
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model = FG_BATTERY;
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amp_hours = node->getFloatValue("amp-hours", 40.0);
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percent_remaining = node->getFloatValue("percent-remaining", 1.0);
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charge_amps = node->getFloatValue("charge-amps", 7.0);
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} else if ( _model == "alternator" ) {
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model = FG_ALTERNATOR;
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rpm_src = node->getStringValue("rpm-source");
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rpm_threshold = node->getFloatValue("rpm-threshold", 600.0);
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ideal_amps = node->getFloatValue("amps", 60.0);
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} else if ( _model == "external" ) {
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model = FG_EXTERNAL;
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ideal_amps = node->getFloatValue("amps", 60.0);
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} else {
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model = FG_UNKNOWN;
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}
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ideal_volts = node->getFloatValue("volts");
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int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < node->nChildren(); ++i ) {
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SGPropertyNode *child = node->getChild(i);
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// cout << " scanning: " << child->getName() << endl;
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if ( !strcmp(child->getName(), "prop") ) {
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string prop = child->getStringValue();
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// cout << " Adding prop = " << prop << endl;
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add_prop( prop );
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fgSetFloat( prop.c_str(), ideal_amps );
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}
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}
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_rpm_node = fgGetNode( rpm_src.c_str(), true);
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}
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float FGElectricalSupplier::apply_load( float amps, float dt ) {
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if ( model == FG_BATTERY ) {
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// calculate amp hours used
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float amphrs_used = amps * dt / 3600.0;
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// calculate percent of total available capacity
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float percent_used = amphrs_used / amp_hours;
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percent_remaining -= percent_used;
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if ( percent_remaining < 0.0 ) {
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percent_remaining = 0.0;
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} else if ( percent_remaining > 1.0 ) {
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percent_remaining = 1.0;
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}
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// cout << "battery percent = " << percent_remaining << endl;
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return amp_hours * percent_remaining;
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} else if ( model == FG_ALTERNATOR ) {
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// scale alternator output for rpms < 600. For rpms >= 600
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// give full output. This is just a WAG, and probably not how
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// it really works but I'm keeping things "simple" to start.
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float rpm = _rpm_node->getFloatValue();
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float factor = rpm / rpm_threshold;
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if ( factor > 1.0 ) {
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factor = 1.0;
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}
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// cout << "alternator amps = " << amps * factor << endl;
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float available_amps = ideal_amps * factor;
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return available_amps - amps;
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} else if ( model == FG_EXTERNAL ) {
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// cout << "external amps = " << 0.0 << endl;
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float available_amps = ideal_amps;
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return available_amps - amps;
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "unknown supplier type" );
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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float FGElectricalSupplier::get_output_volts() {
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if ( model == FG_BATTERY ) {
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// cout << "battery amps = " << amps << endl;
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float x = 1.0 - percent_remaining;
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float tmp = -(3.0 * x - 1.0);
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float factor = (tmp*tmp*tmp*tmp*tmp + 32) / 32;
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// cout << "battery % = " << percent_remaining <<
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// " factor = " << factor << endl;
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// percent_remaining -= 0.001;
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return ideal_volts * factor;
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} else if ( model == FG_ALTERNATOR ) {
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// scale alternator output for rpms < 600. For rpms >= 600
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// give full output. This is just a WAG, and probably not how
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// it really works but I'm keeping things "simple" to start.
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float rpm = _rpm_node->getFloatValue();
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float factor = rpm / rpm_threshold;
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if ( factor > 1.0 ) {
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factor = 1.0;
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}
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// cout << "alternator amps = " << amps * factor << endl;
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return ideal_volts * factor;
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} else if ( model == FG_EXTERNAL ) {
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// cout << "external amps = " << 0.0 << endl;
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return ideal_volts;
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "unknown supplier type" );
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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float FGElectricalSupplier::get_output_amps() {
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if ( model == FG_BATTERY ) {
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// cout << "battery amp_hours = " << amp_hours << endl;
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// This is a WAG, but produce enough amps to burn the entire
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// battery in one minute.
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return amp_hours * 60.0;
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} else if ( model == FG_ALTERNATOR ) {
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// scale alternator output for rpms < 600. For rpms >= 600
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// give full output. This is just a WAG, and probably not how
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// it really works but I'm keeping things "simple" to start.
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float rpm = _rpm_node->getFloatValue();
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float factor = rpm / rpm_threshold;
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if ( factor > 1.0 ) {
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factor = 1.0;
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}
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// cout << "alternator amps = " << ideal_amps * factor << endl;
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return ideal_amps * factor;
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} else if ( model == FG_EXTERNAL ) {
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// cout << "external amps = " << 0.0 << endl;
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return ideal_amps;
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "unknown supplier type" );
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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FGElectricalBus::FGElectricalBus ( SGPropertyNode *node ) {
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kind = FG_BUS;
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name = node->getStringValue("name");
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int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < node->nChildren(); ++i ) {
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SGPropertyNode *child = node->getChild(i);
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if ( !strcmp(child->getName(), "prop") ) {
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string prop = child->getStringValue();
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add_prop( prop );
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}
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}
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}
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FGElectricalOutput::FGElectricalOutput ( SGPropertyNode *node ) {
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kind = FG_OUTPUT;
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load_amps = 0.1; // arbitrary default value
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name = node->getStringValue("name");
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SGPropertyNode *draw = node->getNode("rated-draw");
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if ( draw != NULL ) {
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load_amps = draw->getFloatValue();
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}
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// cout << "rated draw = " << output_amps << endl;
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int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < node->nChildren(); ++i ) {
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SGPropertyNode *child = node->getChild(i);
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if ( !strcmp(child->getName(), "prop") ) {
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string prop = child->getStringValue();
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add_prop( prop );
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}
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}
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}
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FGElectricalSwitch::FGElectricalSwitch( SGPropertyNode *node ) :
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switch_node( NULL ),
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rating_amps( 0.0f ),
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circuit_breaker( false )
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{
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bool initial_state = true;
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int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < node->nChildren(); ++i ) {
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SGPropertyNode *child = node->getChild(i);
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string cname = child->getName();
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string cval = child->getStringValue();
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if ( cname == "prop" ) {
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switch_node = fgGetNode( cval.c_str(), true );
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// cout << "switch node = " << cval << endl;
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} else if ( cname == "initial-state" ) {
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if ( cval == "off" || cval == "false" ) {
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initial_state = false;
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}
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// cout << "initial state = " << initial_state << endl;
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} else if ( cname == "rating-amps" ) {
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rating_amps = atof( cval.c_str() );
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circuit_breaker = true;
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// cout << "initial state = " << initial_state << endl;
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}
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}
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switch_node->setBoolValue( initial_state );
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// cout << " value = " << switch_node->getBoolValue() << endl;
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}
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FGElectricalConnector::FGElectricalConnector ( SGPropertyNode *node,
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FGElectricalSystem *es ) {
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kind = FG_CONNECTOR;
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name = "connector";
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int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < node->nChildren(); ++i ) {
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SGPropertyNode *child = node->getChild(i);
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string cname = child->getName();
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string cval = child->getStringValue();
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// cout << " " << cname << " = " << cval << endl;
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if ( cname == "input" ) {
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FGElectricalComponent *s = es->find( child->getStringValue() );
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if ( s != NULL ) {
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add_input( s );
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if ( s->get_kind() == FG_SUPPLIER ) {
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s->add_output( this );
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} else if ( s->get_kind() == FG_BUS ) {
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s->add_output( this );
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"Attempt to connect to something that can't provide an output: "
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<< child->getStringValue() );
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}
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "Can't find named source: "
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<< child->getStringValue() );
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}
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} else if ( cname == "output" ) {
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FGElectricalComponent *s = es->find( child->getStringValue() );
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if ( s != NULL ) {
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add_output( s );
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if ( s->get_kind() == FG_BUS ) {
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s->add_input( this );
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} else if ( s->get_kind() == FG_OUTPUT ) {
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s->add_input( this );
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} else if ( s->get_kind() == FG_SUPPLIER &&
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((FGElectricalSupplier *)s)->get_model()
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== FGElectricalSupplier::FG_BATTERY ) {
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s->add_output( this );
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"Attempt to connect to something that can't provide an input: "
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<< child->getStringValue() );
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}
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "Can't find named source: "
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<< child->getStringValue() );
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}
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} else if ( cname == "switch" ) {
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// cout << "Switch = " << child->getStringValue() << endl;
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FGElectricalSwitch s( child );
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add_switch( s );
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}
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}
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}
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// set all switches to the specified state
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void FGElectricalConnector::set_switches( bool state ) {
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// cout << "setting switch state to " << state << endl;
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for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < switches.size(); ++i ) {
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switches[i].set_state( state );
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}
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}
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// return true if all switches are true, false otherwise. A connector
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// could have multiple switches, but they all need to be true(closed)
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// for current to get through.
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bool FGElectricalConnector::get_state() {
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unsigned int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < switches.size(); ++i ) {
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if ( ! switches[i].get_state() ) {
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return false;
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}
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}
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return true;
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}
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FGElectricalSystem::FGElectricalSystem ( SGPropertyNode *node ) :
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name("electrical"),
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num(0),
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path(""),
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enabled(false)
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{
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int i;
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for ( i = 0; i < node->nChildren(); ++i ) {
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SGPropertyNode *child = node->getChild(i);
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string cname = child->getName();
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string cval = child->getStringValue();
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if ( cname == "name" ) {
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name = cval;
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} else if ( cname == "number" ) {
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num = child->getIntValue();
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} else if ( cname == "path" ) {
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path = cval;
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_SYSTEMS, SG_WARN,
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"Error in electrical system config logic" );
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if ( name.length() ) {
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SG_LOG( SG_SYSTEMS, SG_WARN, "Section = " << name );
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}
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}
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}
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}
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FGElectricalSystem::~FGElectricalSystem () {
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}
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void FGElectricalSystem::init () {
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config_props = new SGPropertyNode;
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_volts_out = fgGetNode( "/systems/electrical/volts", true );
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_amps_out = fgGetNode( "/systems/electrical/amps", true );
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// allow the electrical system to be specified via the
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// aircraft-set.xml file (for backwards compatibility) or through
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// the aircraft-systems.xml file. If a -set.xml entry is
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// specified, that overrides the system entry.
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SGPropertyNode *path_n = fgGetNode("/sim/systems/electrical/path");
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if ( path_n ) {
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if ( path.length() ) {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_INFO,
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"NOTICE: System manager configuration specifies an " <<
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"electrical system: " << path << " but it is " <<
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"being overridden by the one specified in the -set.xml " <<
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"file: " << path_n->getStringValue() );
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}
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path = path_n->getStringValue();
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}
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if ( path.length() ) {
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SGPath config( globals->get_fg_root() );
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config.append( path );
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// load an obsolete xml configuration
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"Reading xml electrical system model from "
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<< config.str() );
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try {
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readProperties( config.str(), config_props );
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if ( build() ) {
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enabled = true;
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"Detected a logic error in the electrical system ");
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"specification file. See earlier errors for " );
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"details.");
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exit(-1);
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}
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} catch (const sg_exception& exc) {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT,
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"Failed to load electrical system model: "
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<< config.str() );
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}
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} else {
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SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_INFO,
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"No xml-based electrical model specified for this model!");
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}
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if ( !enabled ) {
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_amps_out->setDoubleValue(0);
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}
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delete config_props;
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}
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void FGElectricalSystem::bind () {
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}
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void FGElectricalSystem::unbind () {
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}
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void FGElectricalSystem::update (double dt) {
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if ( !enabled ) {
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return;
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}
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// cout << "Updating electrical system, dt = " << dt << endl;
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unsigned int i;
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// zero out the voltage before we start, but don't clear the
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// requested load values.
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for ( i = 0; i < suppliers.size(); ++i ) {
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suppliers[i]->set_volts( 0.0 );
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}
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for ( i = 0; i < buses.size(); ++i ) {
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buses[i]->set_volts( 0.0 );
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}
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for ( i = 0; i < outputs.size(); ++i ) {
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outputs[i]->set_volts( 0.0 );
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}
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for ( i = 0; i < connectors.size(); ++i ) {
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connectors[i]->set_volts( 0.0 );
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}
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// for each "external" supplier, propagate the electrical current
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for ( i = 0; i < suppliers.size(); ++i ) {
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FGElectricalSupplier *node = (FGElectricalSupplier *)suppliers[i];
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if ( node->get_model() == FGElectricalSupplier::FG_EXTERNAL ) {
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float load;
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// cout << "Starting propagation: " << suppliers[i]->get_name()
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// << endl;
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load = propagate( suppliers[i], dt,
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node->get_output_volts(),
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node->get_output_amps(),
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" " );
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if ( node->apply_load( load, dt ) < 0.0 ) {
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cout << "Error drawing more current than available!" << endl;
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}
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}
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}
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// for each "alternator" supplier, propagate the electrical
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// current
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for ( i = 0; i < suppliers.size(); ++i ) {
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FGElectricalSupplier *node = (FGElectricalSupplier *)suppliers[i];
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if ( node->get_model() == FGElectricalSupplier::FG_ALTERNATOR) {
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float load;
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// cout << "Starting propagation: " << suppliers[i]->get_name()
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// << endl;
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load = propagate( suppliers[i], dt,
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node->get_output_volts(),
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node->get_output_amps(),
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" " );
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if ( node->apply_load( load, dt ) < 0.0 ) {
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cout << "Error drawing more current than available!" << endl;
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}
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}
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}
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// for each "battery" supplier, propagate the electrical
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// current
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for ( i = 0; i < suppliers.size(); ++i ) {
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FGElectricalSupplier *node = (FGElectricalSupplier *)suppliers[i];
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if ( node->get_model() == FGElectricalSupplier::FG_BATTERY ) {
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float load;
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// cout << "Starting propagation: " << suppliers[i]->get_name()
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// << endl;
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load = propagate( suppliers[i], dt,
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node->get_output_volts(),
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node->get_output_amps(),
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" " );
|
|
// cout << "battery load = " << load << endl;
|
|
|
|
if ( node->apply_load( load, dt ) < 0.0 ) {
|
|
cout << "Error drawing more current than available!" << endl;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
float alt_norm
|
|
= fgGetFloat("/systems/electrical/suppliers/alternator") / 60.0;
|
|
|
|
// impliment an extremely simplistic voltage model (assumes
|
|
// certain naming conventions in electrical system config)
|
|
// FIXME: we probably want to be able to feed power from all
|
|
// engines if they are running and the master-alt is switched on
|
|
float volts = 0.0;
|
|
if ( fgGetBool("/controls/engines/engine[0]/master-bat") ) {
|
|
volts = 24.0;
|
|
}
|
|
if ( fgGetBool("/controls/engines/engine[0]/master-alt") ) {
|
|
if ( fgGetFloat("/engines/engine[0]/rpm") > 800 ) {
|
|
float alt_contrib = 28.0;
|
|
if ( alt_contrib > volts ) {
|
|
volts = alt_contrib;
|
|
}
|
|
} else if ( fgGetFloat("/engines/engine[0]/rpm") > 200 ) {
|
|
float alt_contrib = 20.0;
|
|
if ( alt_contrib > volts ) {
|
|
volts = alt_contrib;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
_volts_out->setFloatValue( volts );
|
|
|
|
// impliment an extremely simplistic amps model (assumes certain
|
|
// naming conventions in the electrical system config) ... FIXME:
|
|
// make this more generic
|
|
float amps = 0.0;
|
|
if ( fgGetBool("/controls/engines/engine[0]/master-bat") ) {
|
|
if ( fgGetBool("/controls/engines/engine[0]/master-alt") &&
|
|
fgGetFloat("/engines/engine[0]/rpm") > 800 )
|
|
{
|
|
amps += 40.0 * alt_norm;
|
|
}
|
|
amps -= 15.0; // normal load
|
|
if ( fgGetBool("/controls/switches/flashing-beacon") ) {
|
|
amps -= 7.5;
|
|
}
|
|
if ( fgGetBool("/controls/switches/nav-lights") ) {
|
|
amps -= 7.5;
|
|
}
|
|
if ( amps > 7.0 ) {
|
|
amps = 7.0;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
_amps_out->setFloatValue( amps );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
bool FGElectricalSystem::build () {
|
|
SGPropertyNode *node;
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
int count = config_props->nChildren();
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i ) {
|
|
node = config_props->getChild(i);
|
|
string name = node->getName();
|
|
// cout << name << endl;
|
|
if ( name == "supplier" ) {
|
|
FGElectricalSupplier *s =
|
|
new FGElectricalSupplier( node );
|
|
suppliers.push_back( s );
|
|
} else if ( name == "bus" ) {
|
|
FGElectricalBus *b =
|
|
new FGElectricalBus( node );
|
|
buses.push_back( b );
|
|
} else if ( name == "output" ) {
|
|
FGElectricalOutput *o =
|
|
new FGElectricalOutput( node );
|
|
outputs.push_back( o );
|
|
} else if ( name == "connector" ) {
|
|
FGElectricalConnector *c =
|
|
new FGElectricalConnector( node, this );
|
|
connectors.push_back( c );
|
|
} else {
|
|
SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "Unknown component type specified: "
|
|
<< name );
|
|
return false;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
// propagate the electrical current through the network, returns the
|
|
// total current drawn by the children of this node.
|
|
float FGElectricalSystem::propagate( FGElectricalComponent *node, double dt,
|
|
float input_volts, float input_amps,
|
|
string s ) {
|
|
s += " ";
|
|
|
|
float total_load = 0.0;
|
|
|
|
// determine the current to carry forward
|
|
float volts = 0.0;
|
|
if ( !fgGetBool("/systems/electrical/serviceable") ) {
|
|
volts = 0;
|
|
} else if ( node->get_kind() == FGElectricalComponent::FG_SUPPLIER ) {
|
|
// cout << s << "is a supplier (" << node->get_name() << ")" << endl;
|
|
FGElectricalSupplier *supplier = (FGElectricalSupplier *)node;
|
|
if ( supplier->get_model() == FGElectricalSupplier::FG_BATTERY ) {
|
|
// cout << s << " (and is a battery)" << endl;
|
|
float battery_volts = supplier->get_output_volts();
|
|
if ( battery_volts < (input_volts - 0.1) ) {
|
|
// special handling of a battery charge condition
|
|
// cout << s << " (and is being charged) in v = "
|
|
// << input_volts << " current v = " << battery_volts
|
|
// << endl;
|
|
supplier->apply_load( -supplier->get_charge_amps(), dt );
|
|
return supplier->get_charge_amps();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
volts = input_volts;
|
|
} else if ( node->get_kind() == FGElectricalComponent::FG_BUS ) {
|
|
// cout << s << "is a bus (" << node->get_name() << ")" << endl;
|
|
volts = input_volts;
|
|
} else if ( node->get_kind() == FGElectricalComponent::FG_OUTPUT ) {
|
|
// cout << s << "is an output (" << node->get_name() << ")" << endl;
|
|
volts = input_volts;
|
|
if ( volts > 1.0 ) {
|
|
// draw current if we have voltage
|
|
total_load = node->get_load_amps();
|
|
}
|
|
} else if ( node->get_kind() == FGElectricalComponent::FG_CONNECTOR ) {
|
|
// cout << s << "is a connector (" << node->get_name() << ")" << endl;
|
|
if ( ((FGElectricalConnector *)node)->get_state() ) {
|
|
volts = input_volts;
|
|
} else {
|
|
volts = 0.0;
|
|
}
|
|
// cout << s << " input_volts = " << volts << endl;
|
|
} else {
|
|
SG_LOG( SG_ALL, SG_ALERT, "unkown node type" );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
// if this node has found a stronger power source, update the
|
|
// value and propagate to all children
|
|
if ( volts > node->get_volts() ) {
|
|
node->set_volts( volts );
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < node->get_num_outputs(); ++i ) {
|
|
FGElectricalComponent *child = node->get_output(i);
|
|
// send current equal to load
|
|
total_load += propagate( child, dt,
|
|
volts, child->get_load_amps(),
|
|
s );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// if not an output node, register the downstream current draw
|
|
// (sum of all children) with this node. If volts are zero,
|
|
// current draw should be zero.
|
|
if ( node->get_kind() != FGElectricalComponent::FG_OUTPUT ) {
|
|
node->set_load_amps( total_load );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
node->set_available_amps( input_amps - total_load );
|
|
|
|
// publish values to specified properties
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < node->get_num_props(); ++i ) {
|
|
fgSetFloat( node->get_prop(i).c_str(), node->get_volts() );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
cout << s << node->get_name() << " -> (volts) " << node->get_volts()
|
|
<< endl;
|
|
cout << s << node->get_name() << " -> (load amps) " << total_load
|
|
<< endl;
|
|
cout << s << node->get_name() << " -> (input amps) " << input_amps
|
|
<< endl;
|
|
cout << s << node->get_name() << " -> (extra amps) "
|
|
<< node->get_available_amps() << endl;
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
return total_load;
|
|
} else {
|
|
// cout << s << "no further propagation" << endl;
|
|
return 0.0;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
// search for the named component and return a pointer to it, NULL otherwise
|
|
FGElectricalComponent *FGElectricalSystem::find ( const string &name ) {
|
|
unsigned int i;
|
|
string s;
|
|
|
|
// search suppliers
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < suppliers.size(); ++i ) {
|
|
s = suppliers[i]->get_name();
|
|
// cout << " " << s << endl;
|
|
if ( s == name ) {
|
|
return suppliers[i];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// then search buses
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < buses.size(); ++i ) {
|
|
s = buses[i]->get_name();
|
|
// cout << " " << s << endl;
|
|
if ( s == name ) {
|
|
return buses[i];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// then search outputs
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < outputs.size(); ++i ) {
|
|
s = outputs[i]->get_name();
|
|
// cout << " " << s << endl;
|
|
if ( s == name ) {
|
|
return outputs[i];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// nothing found
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
}
|