#!/usr/bin/env python3 ''' Test script for record/replay. Only tested on Unix. E.g.: ./flightgear/scripts/python/recordreplay.py -f run_fgfs.sh Args: --all Run all tests (this is default). --continuous BOOLS --extra-properties BOOLS --it-max Set min iteration (inclusive) to run; useful when fixing tests and retrying. --it-min Set max iteration (exclusive) to run; useful when fixing tests and retrying. --main-view BOOLS --multiplayer -f The fgfs executable to use. Default assumes the Walk build system. --f-old A second fgfs executable. If specified we run all tests twice, first using to create the recording and to replay it, second the other way round. --test-motion Checks that speed of aircraft on replay is not affected by frame rate. We deliberately change frame rate while recording UFO moving at constant speed. --test-motion-mp Checks that speed of MP on replay is not affected by frame rate. We deliberately change frame rate while recording UFO moving at constant speed. BOOLS is comma-sparated list of 0 or 1, with 1 activating the particular feature. So for example '--continuous 0' tests normal recording/replay', '--continuous 1' tests continuous recording/replay, and continuous 0,1' tests both. We test all combinations of continuous, extra-properties, main-view and multiplayer recordings. For each test we check that we can create a recording, and replay it in a new fgfs instance. When replaying we check a small number of basic things such as the recording length, and whether extra-properties are replayed. ''' import os import resource import signal import subprocess import sys import time import FlightGear def log(text): print(text, file=sys.stderr) sys.stderr.flush() g_cleanup = [] g_tapedir = './recordreplay.py.tapes' def remove(path): ''' Removes file, ignoring any error. ''' log(f'Removing: {path}') try: os.remove(path) except Exception as e: log(f'Failed to remove {path}: {e}') def readlink(path): ''' Returns absolute path destination of link. ''' ret = os.readlink(path) if not os.path.isabs(ret): ret = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(path), ret) return ret class Fg: ''' Runs flightgear, with support for setting/getting properties etc. self.fg is a FlightGear.FlightGear instance, which uses telnet to communicate with Flightgear. ''' def __init__(self, aircraft, args, env=None, telnet_port=None, telnet_hz=None, out=None, screensaver_suspend=True): ''' aircraft: Specified as: --aircraft={aircraft}. This is separate from because we need to know the name of recording files. args: Miscellenous args either space-separated name=value strings or a dict. env: Environment to set. If DISPLAY is not in we add 'DISPLAY=:0'. telnet_port: telnet_hz: . ''' self.child = None self.aircraft = aircraft args += f' --aircraft={aircraft}' if telnet_port is None: telnet_port = 5500 if telnet_hz is None: args += f' --telnet={telnet_port}' else: args += f' --telnet=_,_,{telnet_hz},_,{telnet_port},_' args += f' --prop:/sim/replay/tape-directory={g_tapedir}' args += f' --prop:bool:/sim/startup/screensaver-suspend={"true" if screensaver_suspend else "false"}' args2 = args.split() environ = os.environ.copy() if isinstance(env, str): for nv in env.split(): n, v = nv.split('=', 1) environ[n] = v if 'DISPLAY' not in environ: environ['DISPLAY'] = ':0' # Run flightgear in new process, telling it to open telnet server. # # We run not in a shell, otherwise self.child.terminate() doesn't # work - it would kill the shell but leave fgfs running (there are # workarounds for this, such as prefixing the command with 'exec'). # log(f'Command is: {args}') log(f'Running: {args2}') def preexec(): try: resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, (resource.RLIM_INFINITY, resource.RLIM_INFINITY)) except Exception as e: log(f'*** preexec failed with e={e}') raise if out: out = open(out, 'w') self.child = subprocess.Popen( args2, env=environ, preexec_fn=preexec, stdout=out, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, ) # Connect to flightgear's telnet server. timeout = 15 t0 = time.time() while 1: time.sleep(1) dt = time.time() - t0 if dt > timeout: text = f'Timeout trying to connect. timeout={timeout}' log(text) raise Exception(text) try: log('Connecting... ') self.fg = FlightGear.FlightGear('localhost', telnet_port) log(f'Connected. timeout={timeout} dt={dt:.1f}') return except Exception as e: log(f'Failed to connect timeout={timeout} dt={dt:.1f}: {e}') def waitfor(self, name, value, timeout=30): ''' Waits for specified property to be . Returns time taken. ''' t0 = time.time() while 1: time.sleep(1) dt = time.time() - t0 try: v = self.fg[name] log(f'Waiting for {name}={value} current value: {v}. timeout={timeout} dt={dt:.1f}') except Exception as e: log(f'Failed to get value of property {name}: {e}. timeout={timeout} dt={dt:.1f}') v = None if v == value: return dt if dt > timeout: raise Exception(f'Timeout waiting for {name}={value}; current value: {v}. timeout={timeout}') def run_command(self, command): self.fg.telnet._putcmd(command) ret = self.fg.telnet._getresp() log(f'command={command!r} ret: {ret}') return ret def close(self): assert self.child log(f'close(): stopping flightgear pid={self.child.pid}') if 1: # Kill any child processes so that things work if fgfs is being run # by download_and_compile.sh's run_fgfs.sh script. # # This is Unix-only. try: child_pids = subprocess.check_output(f'pgrep -P {self.child.pid}', shell=True) except Exception: # We get here if self.child has no child processes. child_pids = b'' child_pids = child_pids.decode('utf-8') child_pids = child_pids.split() for child_pid in child_pids: #log(f'*** close() child_pid={child_pid}') child_pid = int(child_pid) #log(f'*** close() killing child_pid={child_pid}') os.kill(child_pid, signal.SIGTERM) self.child.terminate() self.child.wait() self.child = None #log(f'*** close() returning.') def __del__(self): if self.child: log('*** Fg.__del__() calling self.close()') self.close() def make_recording( fg, continuous=0, # 2 means continuous with compression. extra_properties=0, main_view=0, length=5, ): ''' Makes a recording, and returns its path. We check that the recording file is newly created. ''' t = time.time() fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-signals'] = True # Just in case they are disabled by user. if continuous: assert not fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-continuous'] if continuous == 2: fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-continuous-compression'] = 1 fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-continuous'] = 1 t0 = time.time() while 1: if time.time() > t0 + length: break time.sleep(1) fg.run_command('run view-step step=1') fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-continuous'] = 0 path = f'{g_tapedir}/{fg.aircraft}-continuous.fgtape' time.sleep(1) else: # Normal recording will have effectively already started, so we sleep # for the remaining time. This is a little inaccurate though because it # looks like normal recording starts a little after t=0, e.g. at t=0.5. # # Also, it looks like /sim/time/elapsed-sec doesn't quite track real # time, so we sometimes need to sleep a little longer. # while 1: # Telnet interface seems very slow even if we set telnet_hz to # 100 (for example). We want to make recording have near to the # specified length, so we are cautious about overrunning. # #log(f'a: time.time()-t={time.time()-t}') t_record_begin = fg.fg['sim/replay/record-normal-begin'] #log(f'b: time.time()-t={time.time()-t}') t_record_end = fg.fg['sim/replay/record-normal-end'] #log(f'c: time.time()-t={time.time()-t}') t_delta = t_record_end - t_record_begin log(f't_record_begin={t_record_begin} t_record_end={t_record_end} t_delta={t_delta}') if t_delta >= length: break ts = max(length - t_delta - 1, 0.2) log(f'd: ts={ts}') time.sleep(ts) log(f'/sim/time/elapsed-sec={t}') log(f'/sim/replay/start-time={fg.fg["/sim/replay/start-time"]}') log(f'/sim/replay/end-time={fg.fg["/sim/replay/end-time"]}') fg.fg.telnet._putcmd('run save-tape tape-data/starttime= tape-data/stoptime=') response = fg.fg.telnet._getresp() log(f'response: {response!r}') path = f'{g_tapedir}/{fg.aircraft}.fgtape' # Check recording is new. os.system(f'ls -lL {path}') s = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=True) assert s.st_mtime > t path2 = readlink(path) log(f'path={path} path2={path2}') return path def test_record_replay( fgfs_save, fgfs_load, multiplayer, continuous, extra_properties, main_view, length, ): if not fgfs_load: fgfs_load = fgfs_save log(f'=== save: {fgfs_save}') log(f'=== load: {fgfs_load}') log(f'=== --multiplayer {multiplayer} --continuous {continuous} --extra-properties {extra_properties} --main-view {main_view}') log(f'===') aircraft = 'harrier-gr3' args = f'--state=vto --airport=egtk' args += f' --prop:bool:/sim/replay/record-extra-properties={extra_properties}' args += f' --prop:bool:/sim/replay/record-main-view={main_view}' args += f' --prop:bool:/sim/replay/record-main-window=0' #args += f' --prop:bool:/sim/time/simple-time/enabled=0' # Start Flightgear. fg = Fg(aircraft, f'{fgfs_save} {args}', #env='SG_LOG_DELTAS=flightgear/src/Network/props.cxx=4', telnet_hz=100, ) fg.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) assert fg.fg['sim/replay/record-extra-properties'] == extra_properties assert fg.fg['sim/replay/record-main-view'] == main_view log(f'sim/replay/record-extra-properties={fg.fg["sim/replay/record-extra-properties"]}') # Save recording: path = make_recording(fg, continuous=continuous, extra_properties=extra_properties, main_view=main_view, length=length, ) g_cleanup.append(lambda: remove(path)) fg.close() # Load recording into new Flightgear. path = f'{g_tapedir}/{aircraft}-continuous.fgtape' if continuous else f'{g_tapedir}/{aircraft}.fgtape' fg = Fg(aircraft, f'{fgfs_load} {args} --load-tape={path}') fg.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) fg.waitfor('/sim/replay/replay-state', 1) t0 = time.time() # Check replay time is ok. rtime_begin = fg.fg['/sim/replay/start-time'] rtime_end = fg.fg['/sim/replay/end-time'] rtime = rtime_end - rtime_begin log(f'rtime={rtime_begin}..{rtime_end}, recording length: {rtime}, length={length}') assert rtime > length-1 and rtime <= length+2, \ f'length={length} rtime_begin={rtime_begin} rtime_end={rtime_end} rtime={rtime}' num_frames_extra_properties = fg.fg['/sim/replay/continuous-stats-num-frames-extra-properties'] log(f'num_frames_extra_properties={num_frames_extra_properties}') if continuous: if main_view: assert num_frames_extra_properties > 1, f'num_frames_extra_properties={num_frames_extra_properties}' else: assert num_frames_extra_properties == 0 else: assert num_frames_extra_properties in (0, None), \ f'num_frames_extra_properties={num_frames_extra_properties}' fg.run_command('run dialog-show dialog-name=replay') while 1: t = time.time() if t < t0 + length - 1: pass # Disabled because it seems that Flightgear starts replaying before # we see replay-state set to 1 because scenery loading blocks # things. # #assert not fg.fg['/sim/replay/replay-state-eof'], f'Replay has finished too early; lenth={length} t-t0={t-t0}' if t > t0 + length + 1: assert fg.fg['/sim/replay/replay-state-eof'], f'Replay has not finished on time; lenth={length} t-t0={t-t0}' break e = fg.fg['sim/replay/replay-error'] assert not e, f'Replay failed: e={e}' time.sleep(1) fg.close() remove(path) log('Test passed') def test_motion(fgfs, multiplayer=False): ''' Records UFO moving with constant velocity with varying framerates, then replays with varying framerates and checks that replayed UFO moves with expected constant speed. If is true we also record MP UFO running in second Flightgear instance and check that it too moves at constant speed when replaying. ''' log('') log('='*80) log('== Record') aircraft = 'ufo' fgfs += ' --prop:bool:/sim/time/simple-time/enabled=true' if multiplayer: fg = Fg( aircraft, f'{fgfs} --prop:/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer=cgdae-t') else: fg = Fg( aircraft, f'{fgfs}') path = f'{g_tapedir}/{fg.aircraft}-continuous.fgtape' fg.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) fg.fg['/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle'] = 0 # Throttle/speed for ufo is set in fgdata/Aircraft/ufo/ufo.nas. # speed_max = 2000 # default for ufo; current=7. fixed_speed = 100 throttle = fixed_speed / speed_max if multiplayer: fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-multiplayer'] = True fg2 = Fg( aircraft, f'{fgfs} --callsign=cgdae-t --multiplay=in,4,,5033 --read-only', telnet_port=5501) fg2.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) fg.fg['/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle'] = throttle fg2.fg['/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle'] = throttle time.sleep(1) fgt = fg.fg['/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle'] fg2t = fg2.fg['/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle'] log(f'fgt={fgt} fg2t={fg2t}') else: fg.fg['/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle'] = throttle # Run UFO with constant speed, varying the framerate so we check whether # recorded speeds are affected. # fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 5 if multiplayer: fg2.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 5 # Delay to let frame rate settle. time.sleep(10) # Start recording. fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-continuous'] = 1 time.sleep(5) # Change frame rate. fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 2 time.sleep(5) # Change frame rate. fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 5 if multiplayer: fg2.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 2 time.sleep(5) # Stop recording. fg.fg['/sim/replay/record-continuous'] = 0 fg.close() if multiplayer: fg2.close() time.sleep(2) path2 = readlink( path) log(f'*** path={path} path2={path2}') g_cleanup.append(lambda: remove(path2)) log('') log('='*80) log('== Replay') if multiplayer: fg = Fg( aircraft, f'{fgfs} --load-tape={path}' f' --prop:/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer=cgdae-t' f' --prop:/sim/replay/log-raw-speed=true' ) else: fg = Fg( aircraft, f'{fgfs} --load-tape={path} --prop:/sim/replay/log-raw-speed=true', #env='SG_LOG_DELTAS=flightgear/src/Aircraft/flightrecorder.cxx:replay=3', ) fg.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 10 fg.waitfor('/sim/replay/replay-state', 1) time.sleep(3) fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 2 time.sleep(5) fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 5 time.sleep(3) fg.fg['/sim/frame-rate-throttle-hz'] = 7 fg.waitfor('/sim/replay/replay-state-eof', 1) errors = [] def examine_values(infix=''): ''' Looks at /sim/replay/log-raw-speed{infix}-values/value[], which will contain measured speed of user/MP UFO. We check that the values are all as expected - constant speed. ''' log(f'== Looking at /sim/replay/log-raw-speed{infix}-values/value[]') items0 = fg.fg.ls( f'/sim/replay/log-raw-speed{infix}-values') log(f'{infix} len(items0)={len(items0)}') assert items0, f'Failed to read items in /sim/replay/log-raw-speed{infix}-values/' items = [] descriptions = [] for item in items0: if item.name == 'value': #log(f'have read item: {item}') items.append(item) elif item.name == 'description': descriptions.append(item) num_errors = 0 for i in range(len(items)-1): # Ignore last item because replay at end interpolates. item = items[i] description = '' if i < len(descriptions): description = descriptions[i].value speed = float(item.value) prefix = ' ' if abs(speed - fixed_speed) > 0.1: num_errors += 1 prefix = '*' log( f' {infix} {prefix} speed={speed:12.4} details: {item}: {description}') if num_errors != 0: log( f'*** Replay showed uneven speed') errors.append('1') def show_values(paths): if isinstance(paths, str): paths = paths, log(f'Values in {paths}:') line2values = dict() for i, path in enumerate(paths): line = 0 for item in fg.fg.ls(path): if item.name == 'value': line2values.setdefault(line, []).append(item.value) line += 1 for line in sorted(line2values.keys()): t = '' for value in line2values[line]: t += f' {value}' log(f' {t}') if multiplayer: examine_values() examine_values('-multiplayer') examine_values('-multiplayer-post') if 0: show_values('/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer-post-relative-distance') show_values('/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer-post-relative-bearing') show_values('/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer-post-absolute-distance') show_values('/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer-post-user-absolute-distance') def get_values(path): ''' Returns /value[] as a list. ''' ret = [] for item in fg.fg.ls(path): if item.name == 'value': ret.append(item.value) return ret # Check that distance between user and mp is constant. # # The two paths below contain values[] that are the distances of the # mp and user aircraft from their starting points. Both are moving at # the same speed in the same direction, so the differences between each # pair of values should be constant. # distances_mp = get_values('/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer-post-absolute-distance') distances_user = get_values('/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer-post-user-absolute-distance') log(f'len(distances_user)={len(distances_user)} len(distances_mp)={len(distances_mp)}') assert len(distances_user) == len(distances_mp) assert len(distances_user) > 20 for i in range(len(distances_user)): distance_mp = distances_mp[i] distance_user = distances_user[i] delta = distance_mp - distance_user if i == 0: delta_original = delta prefix = ' ' if abs(delta - delta_original) > 0.01: #log('replay shows varying differences between user and mp aircraft') errors.append('1') prefix = '*' log(f' {prefix} user={distance_user} mp={distance_mp} delta={delta}') else: examine_values() fg.close() if errors: raise Exception('Failure') log('test_motion() passed') def test_carrier(fgfs): ''' Checks that mp carrier motion is even. ''' # We require simple-time. Can probably also work by setting the default # timing system's lag parameters but haven't figured this out yet. # simple_time = 'true' fg = Fg( 'harrier-gr3', f'{fgfs} --prop:int:/sim/mp-carriers/latch-always=1 --prop:bool:/sim/time/simple-time/enabled={simple_time} --callsign=cgdae3 --airport=ksfo', telnet_port=5500, telnet_hz=100, #out='out-rr-carrier-1', ) fg.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) fg_carrier = Fg('Nimitz', f'{fgfs} --prop:int:/sim/mp-carriers/latch-always=1 --prop:bool:/sim/time/simple-time/enabled={simple_time} --callsign=cgdae4 --multiplay=in,1,,5033 --read-only', telnet_port=5501, #out='out-rr-carrier-2', ) fg_carrier.waitfor('/sim/fdm-initialized', 1, timeout=45) fg.fg['/sim/replay/log-raw-speed-multiplayer'] = 'cgdae4' fg.fg['/sim/log-multiplayer-callsign'] = 'cgdae4' def get_items(path, leafname, out=None): ''' Finds list of tuples from properties /[]/*. Appends new items to and returns new items. Runs rather slowly because telnet commands appear to be throttled. ''' if out is None: out = [] out_len_original = len(out) items = fg.fg.ls(path) i = 0 for item_i, item in enumerate(items): if item.name == leafname: if i == len(out): #print(f'len(items)={len(items)} item_i={item_i}: looking at {path}/{leafname}[{item.index}]') class Item: pass item2 = Item() item2.i = i for j in fg.fg.ls(f'{path}/{leafname}[{item.index}]'): setattr( item2, j.name, j) out.append(item2) i += 1 return out[out_len_original:] t0 = time.time() mps = [] mppackets = [] while 1: time.sleep(1) t = time.time() - t0 log(f'test_carrier(): t={t:.1f}') if t > 60: print(f'finished, t={t}') break mps_new = get_items( '/sim/log-multiplayer', 'mp', mps) mppackets_new = get_items( '/sim/log-multiplayer', 'mppacket', mppackets) for mp in mps_new: log(f'test_carrier(): mp: i={mp.i}:' f' speed={mp.speed.value:20}' f' distance={mp.distance.value:20}' f' t={mp.t.value:20}' f' dt={mp.dt.value:20}={mp.dt.value*120:20}/120' f' ubody={mp.ubody.value:20}' f' vbody={mp.vbody.value:20}' f' wbody={mp.wbody.value:20}' ) for mppacket in mppackets_new: log(f'test_carrier(): mppacket: i={mppacket.i}:' f' speed={mppacket.speed.value:20}' f' distance={mppacket.distance.value:20}' f' t={mppacket.t.value:20}' f' linear_vel={mppacket.linear_vel.value:20}' f' dt={mppacket.dt.value:20}={mppacket.dt.value*120:20}/120' ) # Check speed of multiplayer carrier is constant: knots2si = 1852.0/3600 speed_expected = 10 * knots2si num_incorrect = 0 for mp in mps[2:]: # First two items have bogus values. delta = mp.speed.value - speed_expected if abs(delta) > 0.001: num_incorrect += 1 print(f' * speed={mp.speed.value:20}') assert num_incorrect == 0, f'num_incorrect={num_incorrect}' fg.close() fg_carrier.close() if __name__ == '__main__': fgfs = f'./build-walk/fgfs.exe-run.sh' fgfs_old = None do_test = 'all' continuous_s = [0, 1, 2] # 2 is continuous with compression. extra_properties_s = [0, 1] main_view_s = [0, 1] multiplayer_s = [0, 1] fgfs_reverse_s = [0] it_min = None it_max = None if len(sys.argv) == 1: do_all = True args = iter(sys.argv[1:]) while 1: try: arg = next(args) except StopIteration: break if arg == '--all': do_all = True elif arg == '--carrier': do_test = 'carrier' elif arg == '--continuous': continuous_s = [int(x) for x in next(args).split(',')] log(f'continuous_s={continuous_s}') elif arg == '--tape-dir': g_tapedir = next(args) elif arg == '--extra-properties': extra_properties_s = [int(x) for x in next(args).split(',')] elif arg == '--it-max': it_max = int(next(args)) elif arg == '--it-min': it_min = int(next(args)) elif arg == '--main-view': main_view_s = [int(x) for x in next(args).split(',')] elif arg == '--multiplayer': multiplayer_s = [int(x) for x in next(args).split(',')] elif arg == '-f': fgfs = next(args) elif arg == '--f-old': fgfs_old = next(args) fgfs_reverse = [0, 1] elif arg == '--test-motion': do_test = 'motion' elif arg == '--test-motion-mp': do_test = 'motion-mp' else: raise Exception(f'Unrecognised arg: {arg!r}') g_tapedir = os.path.abspath(g_tapedir) os.makedirs( g_tapedir, exist_ok=True) if 0: pass elif do_test == 'carrier': test_carrier(fgfs) elif do_test == 'motion': test_motion( fgfs) elif do_test == 'motion-mp': test_motion( fgfs, True) elif do_test == 'all': try: if fgfs_old: for fgfs1, fgfs2 in [(fgfs, fgfs_old), (fgfs_old, fgfs)]: for multiplayer in 0, 1: test_record_replay( fgfs1, fgfs2, multiplayer, continuous=0, extra_properties=0, main_view=0, length=10, ) else: log(f'continuous_s={continuous_s}') its_max = len(multiplayer_s) * len(continuous_s) * len(extra_properties_s) * len(main_view_s) * len(fgfs_reverse_s) it = 0 for multiplayer in multiplayer_s: for continuous in continuous_s: for extra_properties in extra_properties_s: for main_view in main_view_s: for fgfs_reverse in fgfs_reverse_s: if fgfs_reverse: fgfs_save = fgfs_old fgfs_load = fgfs else: fgfs_save = fgfs fgfs_load = fgfs_old ok = True if it_min is not None: if it < it_min: ok = False if it_max is not None: if it >= it_max: ok = False log('') log(f'===') log(f'=== {it}/{its_max}') if ok: test_record_replay( fgfs_save, fgfs_load, multiplayer=multiplayer, continuous=continuous, extra_properties=extra_properties, main_view=main_view, length=10 ) it += 1 finally: pass else: assert 0, f'do_test={do_test}' # If everything passed, cleanup. Otherwise leave recordings in place, as # they can be useful for debugging. # for f in g_cleanup: try: f() except Exception: pass log(f'{__file__}: Returning 0')