// airspeed_indicator.cxx - a regular pitot-static airspeed indicator. // Written by David Megginson, started 2002. // Last modified by Eric van den Berg, 09 Dec 2012 // // This file is in the Public Domain and comes with no warranty. #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H # include "config.h" #endif #include <cmath> #include <simgear/constants.h> #include <simgear/math/interpolater.hxx> #include "airspeed_indicator.hxx" #include <Main/fg_props.hxx> #include <Main/util.hxx> #include <Environment/environment_mgr.hxx> #include <Environment/environment.hxx> // A higher number means more responsive. #define RESPONSIVENESS 50.0 AirspeedIndicator::AirspeedIndicator ( SGPropertyNode *node ) : _name(node->getStringValue("name", "airspeed-indicator")), _num(node->getIntValue("number", 0)), _total_pressure(node->getStringValue("total-pressure", "/systems/pitot/total-pressure-inhg")), _static_pressure(node->getStringValue("static-pressure", "/systems/static/pressure-inhg")), _has_overspeed(node->getBoolValue("has-overspeed-indicator",false)), _pressure_alt_source(node->getStringValue("pressure-alt-source", "/instrumentation/altimeter/pressure-alt-ft")), _ias_limit(node->getDoubleValue("ias-limit", 248.0)), _mach_limit(node->getDoubleValue("mach-limit", 0.48)), _alt_threshold(node->getDoubleValue("alt-threshold", 13200)) { _environmentManager = NULL; } AirspeedIndicator::~AirspeedIndicator () { } void AirspeedIndicator::init () { std::string branch; branch = "/instrumentation/" + _name; SGPropertyNode *node = fgGetNode(branch.c_str(), _num, true ); _serviceable_node = node->getChild("serviceable", 0, true); _total_pressure_node = fgGetNode(_total_pressure.c_str(), true); _static_pressure_node = fgGetNode(_static_pressure.c_str(), true); _density_node = fgGetNode("/environment/density-slugft3", true); _speed_node = node->getChild("indicated-speed-kt", 0, true); _tas_node = node->getChild("true-speed-kt", 0, true); _mach_node = node->getChild("indicated-mach", 0, true); // overspeed-indicator properties if (_has_overspeed) { _ias_limit_node = node->getNode("ias-limit",0, true); _mach_limit_node = node->getNode("mach-limit",0, true); _alt_threshold_node = node->getNode("alt-threshold",0, true); if (!_ias_limit_node->hasValue()) { _ias_limit_node->setDoubleValue(_ias_limit); } if (!_mach_limit_node->hasValue()) { _mach_limit_node->setDoubleValue(_mach_limit); } if (!_alt_threshold_node->hasValue()) { _alt_threshold_node->setDoubleValue(_alt_threshold); } _airspeed_limit = node->getChild("airspeed-limit-kt", 0, true); _pressure_alt = fgGetNode(_pressure_alt_source.c_str(), true); } _environmentManager = (FGEnvironmentMgr*) globals->get_subsystem("environment"); } void AirspeedIndicator::reinit () { _speed_node->setDoubleValue(0.0); } void AirspeedIndicator::update (double dt) { if (!_serviceable_node->getBoolValue()) { return; } double pt = _total_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() ; double p = _static_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() ; double qc = ( pt - p ) * SG_INHG_TO_PA ; // Impact pressure in Pa, _not_ to be confused with dynamic pressure!!! // Now, reverse the equation (normalize impact pressure to // avoid "nan" results from sqrt) qc = std::max( qc , 0.0 ); // Calibrated airspeed (using compressible aerodynamics) based on impact pressure qc in m/s // Using calibrated airspeed as indicated airspeed, neglecting any airspeed indicator errors. double v_cal = sqrt( 7 * SG_p0_Pa/SG_rho0_kg_p_m3 * ( pow( 1 + qc/SG_p0_Pa , 1/3.5 ) -1 ) ); // Publish the indicated airspeed double last_speed_kt = _speed_node->getDoubleValue(); double current_speed_kt = v_cal * SG_MPS_TO_KT; double filtered_speed = fgGetLowPass(last_speed_kt, current_speed_kt, dt * RESPONSIVENESS); _speed_node->setDoubleValue(filtered_speed); computeMach(); if (!_has_overspeed) { return; } double lmt = _ias_limit_node->getDoubleValue(); if (_pressure_alt->getDoubleValue() > _alt_threshold_node->getDoubleValue()) { double mmo = _mach_limit_node->getDoubleValue(); lmt = (filtered_speed/_mach_node->getDoubleValue())* mmo; } _airspeed_limit->setDoubleValue(lmt); } void AirspeedIndicator::computeMach() { if (!_environmentManager) { return; } FGEnvironment env(_environmentManager->getEnvironment()); double oatK = env.get_temperature_degc() + SG_T0_K - 15.0 ; // OAT in Kelvin oatK = std::max( oatK , 0.001 ); // should never happen, but just in case someone flies into space... double c = sqrt(SG_gamma * SG_R_m2_p_s2_p_K * oatK); // speed-of-sound in m/s at aircraft position double pt = _total_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_INHG_TO_PA; // total pressure in Pa double p = _static_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_INHG_TO_PA; // static pressure in Pa p = std::max( p , 0.001 ); // should never happen, but just in case someone flies into space... double rho = _density_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_SLUGFT3_TO_KGPM3; // air density in kg/m3 rho = std::max( rho , 0.001 ); // should never happen, but just in case someone flies into space... // true airspeed in m/s pt = std::max( pt , p ); double V_true = sqrt( 7 * p/rho * (pow( 1 + (pt-p)/p , 1/3.5 ) -1 ) ); // Mach number; _see notes in systems/pitot.cxx_ double mach = V_true / c; // publish Mach and TAS _mach_node->setDoubleValue(mach); _tas_node->setDoubleValue(V_true * SG_MPS_TO_KT ); } // end of airspeed_indicator.cxx