Updated by John Check.
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Users Guide to FlightGear panel configuration
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Version 0.6, March 1 2001
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Version 0.7.7, May 16 2001
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Author: John Check <j4strngs@rockfish.net>
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This document is an attempt to describe the configuration of
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FlightGear flight simulator's aircraft panel display via XML.
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The information was culled from the fgfs-devel@flightgear.org
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mailing list and my experiences making alternate panels. I'd
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like to say thanks to all the developers who make FGFS happen.
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Corrections and additions are encouraged.
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FlightGear flight simulator's aircraft panel display via XML. The
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information was culled from the fgfs-devel@flightgear.org mailing list
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and my experiences making alternate panels. Corrections and additions
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are encouraged.
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Some History:
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Older versions of FGFS had a hard coded display of instruments.
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This was a less than ideal state of affairs due to FGFS ability
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to use different aircraft models. Being primarily developed on
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UNIX type systems, a modular approach is taken towards the
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aircraft modeling. To date, most alternatives to the default
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Cessna 172 aircraft are the product of research institutions
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interested in the flight characteristics and not cosmetics.
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The result of this was that one could fly the X-15 or a Boeing 747
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but be limited to C172 instrumentation.
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------------
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Older versions of FGFS had a hard coded display of instruments. This
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was a less than ideal state of affairs due to FGFS ability to use
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different aircraft models. Being primarily developed on UNIX type
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systems, a modular approach is taken towards the simulation. To date,
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most alternatives to the default Cessna 172 aircraft are the product
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of research institutions interested in the flight characteristics and
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not cosmetics. The result of this was that one could fly the X-15 or
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a Boeing 747 but be limited to C172 instrumentation.
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A rewrite of the panel display code was done around v0.7.5 by
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developer David Megginson allowing for configuration of the panel
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via XML to address this limitation.
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developer David Megginson allowing for configuration of the panel via
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XML to address this limitation. Some major changes and additions were
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made during the course of version 0.7.7 necessitating a rewrite and
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expansion of this document.
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Using Custom Panels:
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About The Property Manager:
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--------------------------
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While not absolutely necessary in order to create aircraft panels,
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some familiarity with the property manager is beneficial....
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FlightGear provides a hierarchical representation of all aspects of
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the state of the running simulation that is known as the property
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tree. Some properties, such as velocities are read only. Others such
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as the frequencies to which the navcom radios are tuned or the
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position of control surfaces can be set by various means. FlightGear
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can optionally provide an interface to these properties for external
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applications such as Atlas, the moving map program, or even lowly
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telnet, via a network socket. Data can even be placed on a serial port
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and connected to, say a GPS receiver. Aside from its usefulness in a
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flight training context, being able to manipulate the property tree on
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a running copy of FG allows for switching components on the fly, a
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positive boon for panel authors. To see the property tree start FG
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with the following command line:
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The default panel location is $FG_ROOT/Aircraft/c172/Panels/Default.
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$FG_ROOT is the place on your filesystem where you installed FG
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data files. Alternate panels can be specified on the command line
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or set as the default in the $HOME/.fgfsrc or $FG_ROOT/preferences.xml
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using a property specification. The command line format is as follows:
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fgfs --props=socket,bi,5,localhost,5500,tcp
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--prop:/sim/panel/path=Aircraft/c172/Panels/Default
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Then use telnet to connect to localhost on port 5500. You can browse
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the tree as you would a filesystem.
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The path description shown is relative to $FG_ROOT. An absolute
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path may also be used for locations outside $FG_ROOT. I would
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recommend copying Panels/Default to Panels/Custom as a starting point
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for experimentation. When editing a panel configuration, pressing
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Shift +F3 will reload the panel. If your changes don't seem to be taking
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effect, check the console output. It will report the success or failure
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of the panel reload*. Editing textures requires restarting FGFS so the
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new textures can be loaded.
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XML and the Property Manager:
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----------------------------
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Panel instruments interface with the property tree to get/set values
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as appropriate. Properties for which FG doesn't yet provide a value
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can be created by simply making them up. Values can be adjusted using
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the telnet interface allowing for creation and testing of instruments
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while code to drive them is being developed.
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If fact, the XML configuration system allows a user to combine
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components such as flight data model, aircraft exterior model, heads
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up display, and of course control panel. Furthermore, such a
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preconfigured aircraft.xml can be included into a scenario with
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specific flight conditions. These can be manually specified or a FG
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session can be saved and/or edited and reloaded later. Options
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specified in these files can be overridden on the command line. For
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example:
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--prop:/sim/panel/path=Aircraft/c172/Panels/c172-panel.xml
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passed as an option, would override a panel specified elsewhere.
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Property tree options all have the same format, specify the node and
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supply it a value.
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The order of precedence for options is thus:
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Source Location Format
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------ -------- ------
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command line
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.fgfsrc Users home directory. command line options
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system.fgfsrc $FG_ROOT "" ""
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preferences.xml $FG_ROOT XML property list
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Loading Panels on the fly:
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-------------------------
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When editing a panel configuration, pressing Shift +F3 will reload the
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panel. If your changes don't seem to be taking effect, check the
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console output. It will report the success or failure of the panel
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reload*. Editing textures requires restarting FGFS so the new textures
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can be loaded. Panels can be switched on the fly by setting the
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/sim/panel/path property value and reloading.
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Regarding Window Geometry:
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-------------------------
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For the sake of simplicity the FGFS window is always considered to be
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1024x768 so all x/y values for instrument placement should relative to
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these dimensions. Since FG uses OpenGL 0,0 represents the lower left
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hand corner of the screen. Panels may have a virtual size larger than
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1024x768. Vertical scrolling is accomplished with
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Shift+F5/F6. Horizontal scrolling is via Shift+F7/F8. An offset should
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be supplied to set the default visible area. It is possible to place
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items to overlap the 3D viewport.
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Panel Architecture:
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-------------------
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All of the panel configuration files are XML-encoded* property lists.
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The root element of each file is always named <PropertyList>. Tags are
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always found in pairs, with the closing tag having a slash prefixing
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the tag name, i.e </PropertyList>. The top level panel configuration
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file is composed of a <name>, a <background> texture and zero or more
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<instruments>. Instruments are used by including a <"unique_name">, a
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<path> to the instruments configuration file, <x> and <y> placement
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coordinates, and optional <w> and <h> size specifications.
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Comments are bracketed with <!-- -->.
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almost always found in pairs, with the closing tag having a slash
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prefixing the tag name, i.e </PropertyList>. The exception is the tag
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representing an aliased property. In this case a slash is prepended to
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the closing angle bracket. (see section Aliasing)
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Example Top Level Panel Config
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The top level panel configuration file is composed of a <name>, a
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<background> texture and zero or more <instruments>.Earlier versions
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required instruments to have a unique name and a path specification
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pointing to the instruments configuration file.
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<PropertyList>
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<name>Example Panel</name>
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<background>Aircraft/c172/Panels/Textures/panel-bg.rgb</background>
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<instruments>
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<clock> <!-- the "unique_name" -->
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[ Paths are relative to $FG_ROOT (the installed location of FGFS data files.) ]
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[ Absolute paths may be used.Comments are bracketed with <!-- -->. ]
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Old style instrument call in top level panel.xml:
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------------------------------------------------
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<clock> <!-- required "unique_name" -->
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<path>Aircraft/c172/Instruments/clock.xml</path>
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<x>110</x>
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<y>320</y>
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<x>110</x> <!-- required horizontal placement -->
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<y>320</y> <!-- required vertical placement -->
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<w>72</w> <!-- optional width specification -->
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<h>72</h> <!-- optional height specification -->
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</clock>
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The difference between the old and new styles, while subtle, is rather
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drastic. The old and new methods are indeed incompatible. I cover the
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old style only to acknowledge the incompatibility. This section will
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be removed after the next official FGFS release.
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New Style Example Top Level Panel Config:
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----------------------------------------
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<PropertyList>
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<name>Example Panel</name>
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<background>Aircraft/c172/Panels/Textures/panel-bg.rgb</background>
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<w>1024</w> <!-- virtual width -->
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<h>768</h> <!-- virtual height -->
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<y-offset>-305</y-offset> <!-- hides the bottom part -->
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<view-height>172</view-height> <!-- amount of overlap between 2D panel and 3D viewport -->
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<instruments> <!-- from here down is where old and new styles break compatibility -->
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<instrument include="../Instruments/clock.xml">
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<name>Chronometer</name> <!-- currently optional but strongly recommended -->
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<x>150</x> <!-- required horizontal placement -->
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<y>645</y> <!-- required vertical placement -->
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<w>72</w> <!-- optional width specification -->
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<h>72</h> <!-- optional height specification -->
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</instrument>
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</instruments>
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</PropertyList>
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The default location for instrument files is $FG_ROOT/Aircraft/c172/Instruments/.
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Alternate locations may be specified in the panel configuration, paths
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must be absolute to use files outside $FG_ROOT.
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About Instrument Placement:
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Indexed Properties
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------------------
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This is a lot to do with the compatibility break so lets get it out of
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the way. The property manager now assigns incremental indices to
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repeated properties with the same parent node, so that
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For the sake of simplicity the FGFS window is always considered to be 1024x768
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so all x/y values for instrument placement should fall within these bounds.
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Being an OpenGL program, 0,0 represents the lower left hand corner of the
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screen. It is possible to place items to overlap the 3D viewport.
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<PropertyList>
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<x>1</x>
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<x>2</x>
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<x>3</x>
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</PropertyList>
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shows up as
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/x[0] = 1
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/x[1] = 2
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/x[2] = 3
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This means that property files no longer need to make up a separate
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name for each item in a list of instruments, layers, actions,
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transformations, or text chunks. In fact, the new panel I/O code now
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insists that every instrument have the XML element name "instrument",
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every layer have the name "layer", every text chunk have the name
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"chunk", every action have the name "action", and every transformation
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have the name "transformation" -- this makes the XML more regular (so
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that it can be created in a DTD-driven tool) and also allows us to
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include other kinds of information (such as doc strings) in the lists
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without causing confusion.
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Inclusion:
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----------
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The property manager now supports file inclusion and aliasing.
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Inclusion means that a node can include another property file as if it
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were a part of the current file. To clarify how inclusion works,
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consider the following examples:
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If bar.xml contains
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<PropertyList>
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<a>1</a>
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<b>
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<c>2</c>
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</b>
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</PropertyList>
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then the declaration
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<foo include="../bar.xml">
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</foo>
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is exactly equivalent to
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<foo>
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<a>1</a>
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<b>
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<c>2</c>
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</b>
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</foo>
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However, it is also possible to selectively override properties in the
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included file. For example, if the declaration were
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<foo include="../bar.xml">
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<a>3</a>
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</foo>
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then the property manager would see
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<foo>
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<a>3</a>
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<b>
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<c>2</c>
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</b>
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</foo>
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with the original 'a' property's value replaced with 3.
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This new inclusion feature allows property files to be broken up and
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reused arbitrarily -- for example, there might be separate cropping
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property lists for commonly-used textures or layers, to avoid
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repeating the information in each instrument file.
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Aliasing
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--------
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Properties can now alias other properties, similar to a symbolic link
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in Unix. When the target property changes value, the new value will
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show up in the aliased property as well. For example,
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<PropertyList>
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<foo>3</foo>
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<bar alias="/foo"/>
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</PropertyList>
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will look the same to the application as
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<PropertyList>
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<foo>3</foo>
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<bar>3</bar>
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</PropertyList>
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except that when foo changes value, bar will change too.
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The combination of inclusions and aliases is very powerful, because it
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allows for parameterized property files. For example, the XML file for
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the NAVCOM radio can include a parameter subtree at the start, like
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this:
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<PropertyList>
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<params>
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<comm-freq-prop>/radios/comm1/frequencies/selected</comm-freq-prop>
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<nav-freq-prop>/radios/nav1/frequencies/selected</comm-freq-prop>
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</params>
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...
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<chunk>
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<type>number-value</type>
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<property alias="/params/nav-freq-prop"/>
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</chunk>
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...
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</PropertyList>
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Now, the same instrument file can be used for navcomm1 and navcomm2,
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for example, simply by overriding the parameters at inclusion:
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<instrument include="../Instruments/navcomm.xml">
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<params>
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<comm-freq-prop>/radios/comm1/frequencies/selected</comm-freq-prop>
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<nav-freq-prop>/radios/nav1/frequencies/selected</comm-freq-prop>
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</params>
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</instrument>
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<instrument include="../Instruments/navcomm.xml">
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<params>
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<comm-freq-prop>/radios/comm2/frequencies/selected</comm-freq-prop>
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<nav-freq-prop>/radios/nav2/frequencies/selected</comm-freq-prop>
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</params>
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</instrument>
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Instrument Architecture:
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-----------------------
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Instruments are defined in separate configuration files. An instrument
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consists of a preferred width and height, one or more stacked layers,
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and zero or more actions.
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consists of a base width and height, one or more stacked layers, and
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zero or more actions. Base dimensions are specified as follows:
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A layer** can be a <texture>, or be of <type> text or switch. A text layer
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may be static, as in a label, or generated (if it needs to be dynamic, as
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in an LED display), or a combination of both.
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A switch layer is composed of two or more nested layers and will display
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one of the nested layers based on a boolean property. For a simple example
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of a switch see $FG_ROOT/Aircraft/Custom/Instruments/brake.xml.
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Textures used in a switch context *must* have width and height specified to be
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visible. Each layer may contain zero or more transformations.
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<PropertyList> <!-- remember, all xml files start like this -->
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<name>Airspeed Indicator</name> <!-- names are good -->
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<w-base>128</w-base> <!-- required width spec-->
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<h-base>128</h-base> <!-- required height spec-->
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<layers> <!-- begins layers section -->
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A transformation is a rotation, an x-shift, or a y-shift. Transformations
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can be static or they can be based on properties. Static rotations are
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useful for flipping textures horizontally or vertically. Transformations
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based on properties are useful for driving instrument needles. I.E. rotate the
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number of degrees equal to the airspeed. X and y shifts are relative to the
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center of the instrument. Each specified transformation type takes an <offset>
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Height and width can be overriden in the top level panel.xml by
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specifying <w> and <h>. Transformations are caculated against the base
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size regardless of the display size. This ensures that instruments
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remain calibrated
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Textures:
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--------
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FG uses red/green/blue/alpha .rgba files for textures. Dimensions for
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texture files should be power of 2 with a maximum 8:1 aspect ratio.
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The lowest common denominator for maximum texture size is 256 pixels.
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This is due to the limitations of certain video accelerators, most
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notably those with 3Dfx chipset such as the Voodoo2.
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Instrument Layers**:
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-------------------
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The simplest layer is a <texture>. These can be combined in <switch> layers
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<texture>
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A texture layer looks like this:
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<layer> <!-- creates a layer -->
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<name>face</name>
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<texture> <!-- defines it as a texture layer -->
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<path>Aircraft/c172/Instruments/Textures/faces-2.rgb</path>
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<x1>0</x1> <!-- lower boundary for texture cropping-->
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<y1>0.51</y1> <!-- left boundary for texture cropping-->
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<x2>0.49</x2> <!-- upper boundary for texture cropping-->
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<y2>1.0</y2> <!-- right boundary for texture cropping-->
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</texture> <!-- closing texure tag -->
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</layer> <!-- closing layer tag -->
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The texture cropping specification is represented as a decimal. There
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is a table at the end of this document for converting from pixel
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coordinates to percentages.
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This particular layer, being a gauge face has no transformations
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applied to it. Layers with that aren't static *must* include <w> and
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||||
<h> parameters to be visible.
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||||
<type> May be either text or switch..
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||||
<type>switch</type>
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A switch layer is composed of two or more nested layers and will
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||||
display one of the nested layers based on a boolean property. For a
|
||||
simple example of a switch see
|
||||
$FG_ROOT/Aircraft/c172/Instruments/brake.xml.
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||||
<layer>
|
||||
<name>Brake light</name>
|
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<type>switch</type> <!-- define layer as a switch -->
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||||
<property>/controls/brakes</property> <!-- tie it to a property -->
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||||
<layer1> <!-- layer for true state -->
|
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<name>on</name> <!-- label to make life easy -->
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||||
<texture> <!-- layer1 of switch is a texture layer -->
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||||
<path>Aircraft/c172/Instruments/Textures/brake.rgb</path>
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||||
<x1>0.25</x1>
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<y1>0.0</y1>
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<x2>0.5</x2>
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||||
<y2>0.095</y2>
|
||||
</texture>
|
||||
<w>64</w> <!-- required width - layer isn't static -->
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||||
<h>24</h> <!-- required height - layer isn't static -->
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||||
</layer1> <!-- close layer1 of switch -->
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||||
<layer2> <!-- layer for false state -->
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||||
<name>off</name>
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||||
<texture>
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||||
<path>Aircraft/c172/Instruments/Textures/brake.rgb</path>
|
||||
<x1>0.0</x1>
|
||||
<y1>0.0</y1>
|
||||
<x2>0.25</x2>
|
||||
<y2>0.095</y2>
|
||||
</texture>
|
||||
<w>64</w>
|
||||
<h>24</h>
|
||||
</layer2>
|
||||
</layer>
|
||||
|
||||
Switches can have more than 2 states. This requires nesting one switch
|
||||
inside another. One could make, for example, a 3 color LED by nesting
|
||||
switch layers.
|
||||
|
||||
<type>text</type>
|
||||
A text layer may be static, as in a label, generated from a property
|
||||
or a combination of both. This example is a switch that contains both
|
||||
static and dynamic text:
|
||||
|
||||
<layer1> <!-- switch layer -->
|
||||
<name>display</name>
|
||||
<type>text</type> <!-- type == text -->
|
||||
<point-size>12</point-size> <!-- font size -->
|
||||
<color> <!-- specify rgb values to color text -->
|
||||
<red>1.0</red>
|
||||
<green>0.5</green>
|
||||
<blue>0.0</blue>
|
||||
</color> <!-- close color section -->
|
||||
<chunks> <!-- sections of text are referred to as chunks -->
|
||||
<chunk> <!-- first chunk of text -->
|
||||
<type>number-value</type> <!-- value defines it as dynamic -->
|
||||
<property>/radios/nav1/dme/distance</property> <!-- ties it to a property -->
|
||||
<scale>0.00053995680</scale> <!-- convert between statute and nautical miles? -->
|
||||
<format>%5.1f</format> <!-- define format -->
|
||||
</chunk>
|
||||
</chunks>
|
||||
</layer1>
|
||||
<layer2> <!-- switch layer -->
|
||||
<name>display</name>
|
||||
<type>text</type> <!-- type == text -->
|
||||
<point-size>10</point-size> <!-- font size -->
|
||||
<color> <!-- specify rgb values to color text -->
|
||||
<red>1.0</red>
|
||||
<green>0.5</green>
|
||||
<blue>0.0</blue>
|
||||
</color> <!-- close color section -->
|
||||
<chunks> <!-- sections of text are referred to as chunks -->
|
||||
<chunk> <!-- first chunk of text -->
|
||||
<type>literal</type> <!-- static text -->
|
||||
<text>---.--</text> <!-- fixed value -->
|
||||
</chunk>
|
||||
</chunks>
|
||||
</layer2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Transformations:
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
A transformation is a rotation, an x-shift, or a
|
||||
y-shift. Transformations can be static or they can be based on
|
||||
properties. Static rotations are useful for flipping textures
|
||||
horizontally or vertically. Transformations based on properties are
|
||||
useful for driving instrument needles. I.E. rotate the number of
|
||||
degrees equal to the airspeed. X and y shifts are relative to the
|
||||
center of the instrument. Each specified transformation type takes an
|
||||
<offset>. Offsets are relative to the center of the instrument. A
|
||||
shift without an offset has no effect. For example, let's say we have
|
||||
a texure that is a circle. If we use this texture in two layers, one
|
||||
defined as having a size of 128x128 and the second layer is defined as
|
||||
64x64 and neither is supplied a shift and offset the net result
|
||||
appears as 2 concentric circles.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
About Transformations and Needle Placement:
|
||||
------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
When describing placement of instrument needles, a transformation
|
||||
offset must be applied to shift the needles fulcrum or else the needle
|
||||
will rotate around it's middle. The offset will be of <type> x-shift
|
||||
or y-shift depending on the orientation of the needle section in the
|
||||
cropped texture.
|
||||
|
||||
This example comes from the altimeter.xml
|
||||
|
||||
<layer>
|
||||
<name>long needle (hundreds)</name> <!-- the altimeter has more than one needle -->
|
||||
<texture>
|
||||
<path>Aircraft/c172/Instruments/Textures/misc-1.rgb</path>
|
||||
<x1>0.8</x1>
|
||||
<y1>0.78125</y1>
|
||||
<x2>0.8375</x2>
|
||||
<y2>1.0</y2>
|
||||
</texture>
|
||||
<w>8</w>
|
||||
<h>56</h>
|
||||
<transformations> <!-- begin defining transformations -->
|
||||
<transformation> <!-- start definition of transformation that drives the needle -->
|
||||
<type>rotation</type>
|
||||
<property>/steam/altitude</property> <!-- bind it to a property -->
|
||||
<max>100000.0</max> <!-- upper limit of instrument -->
|
||||
<scale>0.36</scale> <!-- once around == 1000 ft -->
|
||||
</transformation> <!-- close this transformation -->
|
||||
<transformation> <!-- this one shifts the fulcrum of the needle -->
|
||||
<type>y-shift</type> <!-- y-shift relative to needle -->
|
||||
<offset>24.0</offset> <!-- amount of shift -->
|
||||
</transformation>
|
||||
</transformations>
|
||||
</layer>
|
||||
|
||||
This needles has its origin in the center of the instrument. If the
|
||||
needles fulcrum was towards the edge of the instrument, the
|
||||
transformations to place the pivot point must precede those which
|
||||
drive the needle,
|
||||
|
||||
Interpolation
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
Non linear transformations are now possible via the use of
|
||||
interpolation tables.
|
||||
|
||||
<transformation>
|
||||
...
|
||||
<interpolation>
|
||||
<entry>
|
||||
<ind>0.0</ind> <!-- raw value -->
|
||||
<dep>0.0</dep> <!-- displayed value -->
|
||||
</entry>
|
||||
<entry>
|
||||
<ind>10.0</ind>
|
||||
<dep>100.0</dep>
|
||||
</entry>
|
||||
<entry>
|
||||
<ind>20.0</ind>
|
||||
<dep>-5.0</dep>
|
||||
</entry>
|
||||
<entry>
|
||||
<ind>30.0</ind>
|
||||
<dep>1000.0</dep>
|
||||
</entry>
|
||||
</interpolation>
|
||||
</transformation>
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, interpolation tables are useful for non-linear stuff, as in
|
||||
the above example, but I kind-of like the idea of using them for
|
||||
pretty much everything, including non-trivial linear movement -- many
|
||||
instrument markings aren't evenly spaced, and the interpolation tables
|
||||
are much nicer than the older min/max/scale/offset stuff and should
|
||||
allow for a more realistic panel without adding a full equation parser
|
||||
to the property manager.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to try this out, look at the airspeed.xml file in the base
|
||||
package, and uncomment the interpolation table in it for a very funky,
|
||||
non-linear and totally unreliable airspeed indicator.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Actions:
|
||||
-------
|
||||
An action is a hotspot on an instrument where something will happen
|
||||
when the user clicks the left or center mouse button. Actions are
|
||||
always tied to properties: they can toggle a boolean property, adjust
|
||||
the value of a numeric property, or swap the values of two properties.
|
||||
The x/y placement for actions specifies the origin of the lower left
|
||||
corner. In the following example the first action sets up a hotspot
|
||||
32 pixels wide and 16 pixels high. It lower left corner is placed 96
|
||||
pixels (relative to the defined base size of the instrument) to the
|
||||
right of the center of the instrument. It is also 32 pixels below the
|
||||
centerline of the instrument. The actual knob texture over which the
|
||||
action is superimposed is 32x32. Omitted here is a second action,
|
||||
bound to the same property, with a positive increment value. This
|
||||
second action is placed to cover the other half of the knob. The
|
||||
result is that clicking on the left half of the knob texture decreases
|
||||
the value and clicking the right half increases the value. Also
|
||||
omitted here is a second pair of actions with the same coordinates but
|
||||
a larger increment value. This second pair is bound to a different
|
||||
mouse button. The net result is that we have both fine and coarse
|
||||
adjustments in the same hotspot, each bound to a different mouse
|
||||
button.
|
||||
|
||||
About Transformations and Needle Placement:
|
||||
These examples come from the radio stack:
|
||||
<actions> <!-- open the actions section -->
|
||||
<action> <!- first action -->
|
||||
<name>small nav frequency decrease</name>
|
||||
<type>adjust</type>
|
||||
<button>0</button> <!-- bind it to a mouse button -->
|
||||
<x>96</x> <!-- placement relative to instrument center -->
|
||||
<y>-32</y>
|
||||
<w>16</w> <!-- size of hotspot -->
|
||||
<h>32</h>
|
||||
<property>/radios/nav1/frequencies/standby</property> <!-- bind to a property -->
|
||||
<increment>-0.05</increment> <!-- amount of adjustment per mouse click -->
|
||||
<min>108.0</min> <!-- lower range -->
|
||||
<max>117.95</max> <!-- upper range -->
|
||||
<wrap>1</wrap> <!-- boolean value -- value wraps around when it hits bounds -->
|
||||
</action>
|
||||
<action>
|
||||
<name>swap nav frequencies</name>
|
||||
<type>swap</type> <!-- define type of action -->
|
||||
<button>0</button>
|
||||
<x>48</x>
|
||||
<y>-32</y>
|
||||
<w>32</w>
|
||||
<h>32</h>
|
||||
<property1>/radios/nav1/frequencies/selected</property1> <!-- properties to toggle between -->
|
||||
<property2>/radios/nav1/frequencies/standby</property2>
|
||||
</action>
|
||||
<action>
|
||||
<name>ident volume on/off</name>
|
||||
<type>adjust</type>
|
||||
<button>1</button>
|
||||
<x>40</x>
|
||||
<y>-24</y>
|
||||
<w>16</w>
|
||||
<h>16</h>
|
||||
<property>/radios/nav1/ident</property> <!-- this property is for Morse code identification of nav beacons -->
|
||||
<increment>1.0</increment> <!-- the increment equals the max value so this toggles on/off -->
|
||||
<min>0</min>
|
||||
<max>1</max>
|
||||
<wrap>1</wrap> <!-- a shortcut to avoid having separate actions for on/off -->
|
||||
</action>
|
||||
</actions>
|
||||
|
||||
When describing placement of instrument needles, an transformation offset must
|
||||
be applied to shift the needle's fulcrum or else the needle will rotate around it's
|
||||
middle. The offset will be of <type> x-shift or y-shift depending on the orientation of
|
||||
the needle section in the cropped texture.
|
||||
Offsets applied to shift the needle from the center of the instrument face must be
|
||||
applied *before* the transformation that describes the needle movement.
|
||||
More About Textures:
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
As previously stated, the usual size instrument texture files in FGFS
|
||||
are 256x256 pixels, red/green/blue/alpha format. However the mechanism
|
||||
for specifying texture cropping coordinates is decimal in nature. When
|
||||
calling a section of a texture file the 0,0 lower left convention is
|
||||
used. There is a pair of x/y coordinates defining which section of
|
||||
the texture to use.
|
||||
|
||||
About Textures:
|
||||
|
||||
The texture files used to create the panel instruments are maximum 256x256
|
||||
pixels, red/green/blue/alpha format. However the mechanism for specifying
|
||||
texture cropping coordinates is decimal in nature. When calling a section
|
||||
of a texture file the 0,0 lower left convention is used.
|
||||
There is a pair of x/y coordinates defining which section of the texture
|
||||
to use.
|
||||
|
||||
The following table can be used to calculate texture cropping specifications.
|
||||
The following table can be used to calculate texture cropping
|
||||
specifications.
|
||||
|
||||
# of divisions | width in pixels | decimal specification
|
||||
per axis
|
||||
|
@ -143,15 +622,24 @@ per axis
|
|||
64 = 4 pixels, 0.015625
|
||||
128 = 2 pixels, 0.0078125
|
||||
|
||||
The recommended procedure for generating gauge faces is to use a
|
||||
vector graphics package such as xfig, exporting the result as a
|
||||
poscript file. 3D modeling tools may also be used and are prefered
|
||||
for pretty items that don't require text such as levers, switches,
|
||||
bezels and so forth. Ideally, the size of the item in the final render
|
||||
should be of proportions that fit into the recommended pixel widths.
|
||||
The resulting files should be imported into a graphics manipulation
|
||||
package such as GIMP, et al for final processing.
|
||||
A common procedure for generating gauge faces is to use a vector
|
||||
graphics package such as xfig, exporting the result as a postscript
|
||||
file. 3D modeling tools may also be used and I prefer them for pretty
|
||||
items such as levers, switches, bezels and so forth. Ideally, the
|
||||
size of the item in the final render should be of proportions that fit
|
||||
into the recommended pixel widths. The resulting files can be
|
||||
imported into a graphics manipulation package such as GIMP, et al for
|
||||
final processing.
|
||||
|
||||
How do I get my panels/instruments into the base package?
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Cash bribes always help ;) Seriously though, there are two main
|
||||
considerations. Firstly, original artwork is a major plus since you
|
||||
as the creator can dictate the terms of distribution.All Artwork must
|
||||
have a license compatible with the GPL. Artwork of unverifiable
|
||||
origin is not acceptable. Secondly, texture sizes must meet the
|
||||
lowest common denominator of 256e2 pixels. Artwork from third parties
|
||||
may be acceptable if it meets these criteria.
|
||||
|
||||
* If there are *any* XML parsing errors, the panel will fail to load,
|
||||
so it's worth downloading a parser like Expat (http://www.jclark.com/xml/)
|
||||
|
@ -163,3 +651,4 @@ package such as GIMP, et al for final processing.
|
|||
there may also be built-in layers for special things like a
|
||||
weather-radar display or a GPS (though the GPS could be handled with
|
||||
text properties).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue