224 lines
8.2 KiB
TeX
224 lines
8.2 KiB
TeX
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%%
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%% getstart.tex -- Flight Gear documentation: Installation and Getting Started
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%% Chapter file
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%%
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%% Written by Michael Basler, started September 1998.
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%%
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%% Copyright (C) 1999 Michael Basler (pmb@knUUt.de)
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%%
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%%
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%% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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%% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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%% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
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%% License, or (at your option) any later version.
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%%
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%% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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%% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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%% General Public License for more details.
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%%
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%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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%% along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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%% Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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%%
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%% $Id: getstart.tex,v 0.12 1999/03/07 michael
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%% (Log is kept at end of this file)
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\chapter{Flight: Keystrokes,\index{keystrokes} the \Index{HUD} and all that\label{flight}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\markboth{\thechapter.\hspace*{1mm}
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FLIGHT}{\thesection\hspace*{1mm} KEYBOARD COMMANDS}
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\section{Keyboard commands}
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At present, support for using a \Index{joystick} or \Index{yoke}
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is just in its early stages. It may or may not work -- just try
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it! In any case, you can use \Index{keyboard commands} instead.
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For proper controlling via keyboard (i) the
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\texttt{\Index{NumLock}} key must be switched on (ii) the
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\FlightGear window must have focus (if not, click with the mouse
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on the graphics window).
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After activating \texttt{NumLock} the following \Index{keyboard
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commands} should work:
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\medskip
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\noindent
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Tab.\,1: \textit{Main \Index{keyboard commands} for \FlightGear}.
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\medskip
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\centerline{
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
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Key & Action\\\hline
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Pg Up/Pg Dn & Throttle\\
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Left Arrow/Right Arrow & Aileron\\
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Up Arrow/Down Arrow & Elevator\\
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Ins/Enter & Rudder\\
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5 & Center aileron/elevator/rudder\\
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Home/End & Elevator trim\\\hline
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\end{tabular}
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}
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\vskip5mm
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For changing views you have to de-activate \texttt{NumLock}. Now
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\texttt{Shift} + $<$\texttt{Numeric Keypad Key}$>$ changes the
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view as follows:
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\eject
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\noindent
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Tab.\,2: \textit{View directions\index{view directions}
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accessible after de-activating \texttt{NumLock}.}
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\medskip
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\centerline{
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\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}\hline
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Numeric Key & View direction\\\hline
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Shift-8 & forward\\
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Shift-7 & left/forward\\
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Shift-4 & left\\
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Shift-1 & left/back\\
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Shift-2 & back\\
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Shift-3 & right/back\\
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Shift-6 & right\\
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Shift-9 & right/forward\\\hline
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\end{tabular}
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}
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\vskip5mm
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Moreover, the \Index{autopilot} is controlled via the following
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controls:
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\medskip
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\noindent
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Tab.\,3: \textit{Autopilot controls.\index{autopilot controls}}
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\medskip
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\centerline{
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
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Key & Action\\\hline
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Ctrl + A & Altitude hold toggle on/off\\
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Ctrl + H & Heading hold toggle on/off\\
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Ctrl + S & Autothrottle toggle on/off\\
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Ctrl + T & Terrain follow toggle on/off\\\hline
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\end{tabular}
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}
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\medskip
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The last one is especially interesting as it makes your
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\Index{Navion} behave like a cruise missile.
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Besides these basic keys there are some more special ones; most of
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these you'll probably not want to try during your first flight:
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\medskip
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\noindent Tab.\,4: \textit{More control commands.}
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\medskip
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\centerline{
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
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Key & Action\\\hline
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H/h & Change color of HUD/toggle HUD off forward/backward \\
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i/I & Minimize/maximize HUD \\
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m/M & Change time offset (warp) used by t/T forward/backward \\
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t/T & Time speed up/slow down forward/backward \\
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x/X & Zoom in/out\\
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z/Z & Change visibility (fog) forward/backward \\
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b & Toggle brakes on/off\\
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p & Toggle pause on/off\\
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W & Toggle fullscreen mode on/off (Mesa/3dfx/Glide only)\\
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F8 & Toggle fog on/off\\
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F9 & Toggle texturing on/off\\
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F10 & Toggle menu on/off\\
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ESC & Exit program\\\hline
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\end{tabular}
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}
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\medskip
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\section{The head up display}
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At present, the main instrument for controlling the plane is the
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\Index{HUD} (\textbf{H}ead \textbf{U}p \textbf{D}isplay
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\index{head up display}, see Fig.\,1). Neither are \Index{HUD}s
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used in usual general aviation planes nor in civilian ones. Rather
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they belong to the equipment of modern military jets. However, in
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view of the fact that the \Index{panel} is still in the early
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stages of development the \Index{HUD} is the main instrument for
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controlling the plane for now. Besides, it might be easier to fly
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using this one than exploiting a \Index{panel} and several of the
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real pilots might prefer it because of combining the readouts of
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critical parameters with an outside view onto the real world.
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(Several \Index{Cessna} pilots might love to have one, but
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technology is simply too expensive for implementing HUDs in
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general aviation aircrafts.)
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\medskip
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\centerline{
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\includegraphics[clip,width=12.5cm]{hud.eps}
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}
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\noindent
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Fig.\,3: \textit{The HUD, or head up display, as the present main
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\FlightGear instrument.}
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\medskip
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The most important information for navigating, i.\,e.
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\Index{throttle}, \Index{elevation}, \Index{aileron} can be found
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on the r.h.s of the \Index{HUD}. These are just given on a scale
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between 0 and 1. Above these you find the \Index{AOA}
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(\Index{angle of attack}; the angle between the wings and the
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relative wind i.\,e. the direction of airflow), the
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\Index{heading} given in degrees, and the \Index{sideslip}.
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On the left hand side you find the \Index{speed} in kts and the
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\Index{roll} given in degrees. You may recall the \Index{Navion}
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taking off at a speed of 100 kts. Still further left you find the
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\Index{FOV} (= \Index{field of view}) in degrees.
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Zooming\index{zoom} in and out with the x/X keys changes this one.
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The value below that, the \Index{number of triangles} rendered is
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usually not of importance for you as a pilot (and can be switched
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off via a corresponding startup option). Below you find the
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\Index{frame rate}, displaying the frames per second.
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Besides these figures, most of the flight parameters and flight
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characteristics are displayed graphically in the upper half of the
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screen. In the center you find the \Index{pitch indicator} (in
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degrees) with the \Index{aileron indicator} above and the
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\Index{rudder indicator} below. A corresponding readoff for the
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elevation\index{elevation indicator} can be found to the left of
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the pitch scale. Below the \Index{pitch indicator} you will find a
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simple \Index{turn indicator}.
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There are two scales further left: The inner one displays the
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\Index{speed} (in kts) while the outer one gives the
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\Index{vertical speed} (\Index{climb/sink rate}). The two scales
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on the r.h.s display your \Index{height}, i.\,e. the left of it
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shows the height above ground while the right of it gives that
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above zero, both being displayed in feet.
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Based on these keystrokes and the HUD you should be able to
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properly control the plane. Try it! The functions already
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implemented are completely sufficient for even doing complicated
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manoeuvres.
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In addition, \FlightGear has a rudimentary menu which, however, is
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not yet working. If you're done and are about to leave the plane,
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just hit the ESC key to exit the program.
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If you are looking for some interesting places to discover with
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\FlightGear (which may or may not require downloading additional
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scenery) you may want to check
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\web{http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/Places}.
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%% Revision 0.00 1998/09/08 michael
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%% Initial revision for version 0.53.
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%% Revision 0.01 1998/09/20 michael
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%% several extensions and corrections, added Fig.1.
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%% revision 0.10 1998/10/01 michael
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%% final proofreading for release
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%% revision 0.11 1998/11/01 michael
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%% Complete revision of keyborad controls, interesting places
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%% revision 0.12 1999/03/07 michael
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%% Corrected rudder key
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