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flightgear/src/AIModel/AIBallistic.cxx

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// FGAIBallistic - FGAIBase-derived class creates a ballistic object
//
// Written by David Culp, started November 2003.
// - davidculp2@comcast.net
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
// License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif
#include <simgear/math/point3d.hxx>
#include <math.h>
#include "AIBallistic.hxx"
David Culp: Here's a new batch of AI code which includes a working radar instrument. I put the radar calculations into the existing AIAircraft class. It was easier that way, and it can always be migrated out later if we have to. Every tenth sim cycle the AIManager makes a copy of the current user state information. When the AIAircraft updates it uses this information to calculate the radar numbers. It calculates: 1) bearing from user to target 2) range to target in nautical miles 3) "horizontal offset" to target. This is the angle from the nose to the target, in degrees, from -180 to 180. This will be useful later for a HUD. 4) elevation, in degrees (vertical angle from user's position to target position) 5) vertical offset, in degrees (this is elevation corrected for user's pitch) 6) rdot (range rate in knots, note: not working yet, so I commented it out) and three items used by the radar instrument to place the "blip" 7) y_shift, in nautical miles 8) x_shift, in nautical miles 9) rotation, in degrees The radar instrument uses the above three items, and applies a scale factor to the x-shift and y-shift in order to match the instrument's scale. Changing the display scale can be done entirely in the XML code for the instrument. Right now it's set up only to display a 40 mile scale. The radar is an AWACS view, which is not very realistic, but it is useful and demonstrates the technology. With just a little more work I can get a HUD marker. All I need to do there is make a bank angle adjustment to the current values.
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FGAIBallistic::FGAIBallistic(FGAIManager* mgr) {
manager = mgr;
_type_str = "ballistic";
_otype = otBallistic;
David Culp: Silly me. I was starting the timer at zero, so the first tracer didn't fly until 0.25 seconds after pulling the trigger. Now the timer starts at the same value as "delay", so the first round comes out immediately. Also, I've added an optional configuration attribute that allows you to change the ballistics of the submodel. This allows parachutes, or anything else that has ballistics different from a bullet. The attribute is called "eda", which is the equivalent drag area. Default value is 0.007, which gives the same ballistics as the current tracers. Increasing this value gives more drag. A value of 2.0 looks good for a parachute. math stuff ######################################################################## The deceleration of the ballictic object is now given by: [ (rho) (Cd) ] / [ (1/2) (m) ] * A * (V * V) where rho is sea-level air density, and Cd and m are fixed, bullet-like values. So the calculation is: 0.0116918 * A * (V * V) The value "A" is what I'm calling the "eda" (equivalent drag area). ######################################################################## A parachute model will have to be built so that the parachutist's feet are in the forward x-direction. Here is the submodel.xml config I use for "parachutes": <submodel> <name>flares</name> <model>Models/Geometry/flare.ac</model> <trigger>systems/submodels/submodel[0]/trigger</trigger> <speed>0.0</speed> <repeat>true</repeat> <delay>0.85</delay> <count>4</count> <x-offset>0.0</x-offset> <y-offset>0.0</y-offset> <z-offset>-4.0</z-offset> <yaw-offset>0.0</yaw-offset> <pitch-offset>0.0</pitch-offset> <eda>2.0</eda> </submodel>
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drag_area = 0.007;
life_timer = 0.0;
gravity = 32;
// buoyancy = 64;
no_roll = false;
}
FGAIBallistic::~FGAIBallistic() {
}
bool FGAIBallistic::init() {
FGAIBase::init();
aero_stabilized = true;
hdg = azimuth;
pitch = elevation;
roll = rotation;
Transform();
return true;
}
void FGAIBallistic::bind() {
// FGAIBase::bind();
props->tie("sim/time/elapsed-sec",
SGRawValueMethods<FGAIBallistic,double>(*this,
&FGAIBallistic::_getTime));
}
void FGAIBallistic::unbind() {
// FGAIBase::unbind();
props->untie("sim/time/elapsed-sec");
}
void FGAIBallistic::update(double dt) {
FGAIBase::update(dt);
Run(dt);
Transform();
}
void FGAIBallistic::setAzimuth(double az) {
hdg = azimuth = az;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setElevation(double el) {
pitch = elevation = el;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setRoll(double rl) {
rotation = rl;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setStabilization(bool val) {
aero_stabilized = val;
}
David Culp: Silly me. I was starting the timer at zero, so the first tracer didn't fly until 0.25 seconds after pulling the trigger. Now the timer starts at the same value as "delay", so the first round comes out immediately. Also, I've added an optional configuration attribute that allows you to change the ballistics of the submodel. This allows parachutes, or anything else that has ballistics different from a bullet. The attribute is called "eda", which is the equivalent drag area. Default value is 0.007, which gives the same ballistics as the current tracers. Increasing this value gives more drag. A value of 2.0 looks good for a parachute. math stuff ######################################################################## The deceleration of the ballictic object is now given by: [ (rho) (Cd) ] / [ (1/2) (m) ] * A * (V * V) where rho is sea-level air density, and Cd and m are fixed, bullet-like values. So the calculation is: 0.0116918 * A * (V * V) The value "A" is what I'm calling the "eda" (equivalent drag area). ######################################################################## A parachute model will have to be built so that the parachutist's feet are in the forward x-direction. Here is the submodel.xml config I use for "parachutes": <submodel> <name>flares</name> <model>Models/Geometry/flare.ac</model> <trigger>systems/submodels/submodel[0]/trigger</trigger> <speed>0.0</speed> <repeat>true</repeat> <delay>0.85</delay> <count>4</count> <x-offset>0.0</x-offset> <y-offset>0.0</y-offset> <z-offset>-4.0</z-offset> <yaw-offset>0.0</yaw-offset> <pitch-offset>0.0</pitch-offset> <eda>2.0</eda> </submodel>
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void FGAIBallistic::setDragArea(double a) {
drag_area = a;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setLife(double seconds) {
life = seconds;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setBuoyancy(double fpss) {
buoyancy = fpss;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setWind_from_east(double fps) {
wind_from_east = fps;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setWind_from_north(double fps) {
wind_from_north = fps;
}
void FGAIBallistic::setWind(bool val) {
wind = val;
}
void FGAIBallistic::Run(double dt) {
life_timer += dt;
if (life_timer > life) setDie(true);
double speed_north_deg_sec;
double speed_east_deg_sec;
double wind_speed_from_north_deg_sec;
double wind_speed_from_east_deg_sec;
// the two drag calculations below assume sea-level density,
David Culp: Silly me. I was starting the timer at zero, so the first tracer didn't fly until 0.25 seconds after pulling the trigger. Now the timer starts at the same value as "delay", so the first round comes out immediately. Also, I've added an optional configuration attribute that allows you to change the ballistics of the submodel. This allows parachutes, or anything else that has ballistics different from a bullet. The attribute is called "eda", which is the equivalent drag area. Default value is 0.007, which gives the same ballistics as the current tracers. Increasing this value gives more drag. A value of 2.0 looks good for a parachute. math stuff ######################################################################## The deceleration of the ballictic object is now given by: [ (rho) (Cd) ] / [ (1/2) (m) ] * A * (V * V) where rho is sea-level air density, and Cd and m are fixed, bullet-like values. So the calculation is: 0.0116918 * A * (V * V) The value "A" is what I'm calling the "eda" (equivalent drag area). ######################################################################## A parachute model will have to be built so that the parachutist's feet are in the forward x-direction. Here is the submodel.xml config I use for "parachutes": <submodel> <name>flares</name> <model>Models/Geometry/flare.ac</model> <trigger>systems/submodels/submodel[0]/trigger</trigger> <speed>0.0</speed> <repeat>true</repeat> <delay>0.85</delay> <count>4</count> <x-offset>0.0</x-offset> <y-offset>0.0</y-offset> <z-offset>-4.0</z-offset> <yaw-offset>0.0</yaw-offset> <pitch-offset>0.0</pitch-offset> <eda>2.0</eda> </submodel>
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// mass of 0.03 slugs, drag coeff of 0.295
// adjust speed due to drag
David Culp: Silly me. I was starting the timer at zero, so the first tracer didn't fly until 0.25 seconds after pulling the trigger. Now the timer starts at the same value as "delay", so the first round comes out immediately. Also, I've added an optional configuration attribute that allows you to change the ballistics of the submodel. This allows parachutes, or anything else that has ballistics different from a bullet. The attribute is called "eda", which is the equivalent drag area. Default value is 0.007, which gives the same ballistics as the current tracers. Increasing this value gives more drag. A value of 2.0 looks good for a parachute. math stuff ######################################################################## The deceleration of the ballictic object is now given by: [ (rho) (Cd) ] / [ (1/2) (m) ] * A * (V * V) where rho is sea-level air density, and Cd and m are fixed, bullet-like values. So the calculation is: 0.0116918 * A * (V * V) The value "A" is what I'm calling the "eda" (equivalent drag area). ######################################################################## A parachute model will have to be built so that the parachutist's feet are in the forward x-direction. Here is the submodel.xml config I use for "parachutes": <submodel> <name>flares</name> <model>Models/Geometry/flare.ac</model> <trigger>systems/submodels/submodel[0]/trigger</trigger> <speed>0.0</speed> <repeat>true</repeat> <delay>0.85</delay> <count>4</count> <x-offset>0.0</x-offset> <y-offset>0.0</y-offset> <z-offset>-4.0</z-offset> <yaw-offset>0.0</yaw-offset> <pitch-offset>0.0</pitch-offset> <eda>2.0</eda> </submodel>
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speed -= 0.0116918 * drag_area * speed * speed * dt;
if ( speed < 0.0 ) speed = 0.0;
vs = sin( pitch * SG_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS ) * speed;
hs = cos( pitch * SG_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS ) * speed;
// convert horizontal speed (fps) to degrees per second
speed_north_deg_sec = cos(hdg / SG_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES) * hs / ft_per_deg_lat;
speed_east_deg_sec = sin(hdg / SG_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES) * hs / ft_per_deg_lon;
// convert wind speed (fps) to degrees per second
if (!wind){
wind_from_north = 0;
wind_from_east = 0;
}
wind_speed_from_north_deg_sec = wind_from_north / ft_per_deg_lat;
wind_speed_from_east_deg_sec = wind_from_east / ft_per_deg_lon;
// set new position
// pos.setlat( pos.lat() + (speed_north_deg_sec * dt) );
// pos.setlon( pos.lon() + (speed_east_deg_sec * dt) );
// set new position
pos.setlat( pos.lat() + (speed_north_deg_sec - wind_speed_from_north_deg_sec) * dt );
pos.setlon( pos.lon() + (speed_east_deg_sec - wind_speed_from_east_deg_sec) * dt );
// adjust vertical speed for acceleration of gravity
vs -= (gravity - buoyancy) * dt;
// adjust altitude (feet)
altitude += vs * dt;
pos.setelev(altitude * SG_FEET_TO_METER);
// recalculate pitch (velocity vector) if aerostabilized
if (aero_stabilized) pitch = atan2( vs, hs ) * SG_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES;
// recalculate total speed
speed = sqrt( vs * vs + hs * hs);
// set destruction flag if altitude less than sea level -1000
if (altitude < -1000.0) setDie(true);
}
double FGAIBallistic::_getTime() const {
return life_timer;
}
// end AIBallistic