Flying the Pattern The traffic pattern is used as a method to stop aircraft crashing into each other when near an airport. The pattern is a rectangular flight path with the runway forming one of the long sides. We will be flying at Sabadell (LELL) - a small airport in the north of Barcelona, from runway 13, on a clear day. It consists of the following sections: - Upwind. Once we've taken off, we flying straight ahead on the runway heading (130 deg) to 1000 ft with. - Crosswind. At 500 ft, we turn left 90 degrees to 40 deg and continue climbing until we get to 1500 ft. - Downwind. When we reach 1500 ft, we turn left again so we are parallel to the runway, which is 310 deg, reduce power and fly at 100 kts. When we are "abeam the numbers" (opposite the number on the runway we intend to land on), we reduce power to 60 %, drop one notch of flat and descend 100 ft at 90 kts. - Base. We now make another left-hand turn to 220 deg, add another notch of flaps, and let speed continue to dissipate to 70 knots. Because of the hills around Sabadell we need to maintain a safe altitude above the ground, resulting in a quite high and steep approach. - Final. At the correct moment (based on visual queues), we make a final left turn to line up with the runway. Maks sure to stay a safe altitude above ground! We drop our final lot of flaps, descend and land. Tutorials/pattern noon LELL 1 13 -9999 -9999 -9999 0 0 0 0 0 /sim/model/door-positions/baggageDoor/position-norm 0 /sim/model/door-positions/leftDoor/position-norm 0 /sim/model/door-positions/rightDoor/position-norm 0 /sim/model/c172p/securing/chock false /sim/model/c172p/securing/tiedownL-visible false /sim/model/c172p/securing/tiedownR-visible false /sim/model/c172p/securing/tiedownT-visible false /sim/model/c172p/securing/pitot-cover-visible false sim/model/c172p/engine_flag_0 1 sim/model/c172p/engine_flag_1 0 /controls/engines/active-engine 0 instrumentation/altimeter/setting-inhg 29.95 /controls/engines/engine/primer 4 /controls/engines/current-engine/throttle 0.2 /controls/flight/flaps 0.0 /sim/model/c172p/brake-parking 1 /controls/switches/magnetos 3 /instrumentation/adf/frequencies/selected-khz 367 /environment/weather-scenario Fair weather /controls/flight/elevator-trim 0.17 /sim/model/c172p/cockpit/control-lock-placed false /sim/model/c172p/cockpit/control-lock-visible false 0.0 -12 0.0 -0.21 0.19 73.6 Release the parking brakes, smoothly apply full power and start your take-off. Release the parking brake using Shift B /sim/model/c172p/brake-parking 1 Apply full throttle for take-off /controls/engines/current-engine/throttle 0.95 /velocities/airspeed-kt 5.0 Stay on the center-line of the runway using the rudder. /controls/switches/starter false /velocities/airspeed-kt 45.0 Take-off at 65 knots and climb straight out on heading 130 at 600 feet per minute (about 70 knots). /instrumentation/vertical-speed-indicator/indicated-speed-fpm 300 Continue your climb on heading 130 at 600 feet per minute to 1000 feet. Your climb angle is too shallow - raise the nose slightly to increase your climb rate. /instrumentation/vertical-speed-indicator/indicated-speed-fpm 400 Your climb angle is too great - lower the nose slightly to decrease your climb rate. /instrumentation/vertical-speed-indicator/indicated-speed-fpm 900 You are heading too far left, Turn right slightly to heading 130. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 120 You are heading too far right, Turn left slightly to heading 130. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 140 You are in danger of being "behind the power curve". Drop the nose to speed up to 70 knots. /velocities/airspeed-kt 60 /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 900 Make a left turn to crosswind (heading 040) and continue climbing to 1500 feet. You're too far right. Turn left to heading 040! /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 50 You're too far left. Turn right to heading 040! /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 30 /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1400 /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 030 /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 050 Level off the aircraft at 1500 ft and maintain heading and altitude for a few more seconds 10 Now make another 90 degree left turn to downwind (heading 310). You're getting too low. Climb to 1500 ft! /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1400 You're getting too high. Descent to 1500 ft! /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1600 You're too far right. Turn left to heading 310! /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 320 You're too far left. Turn right to heading 310! /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 300 /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1600 /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1400 /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 300 /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 320 Reduce power to 80-85%, and trim for level flight. Continue flying parallel to the runway. You are heading too far left, Turn right slightly to heading 310. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 300 You are heading too far right, Turn left slightly to heading 310. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 320 You are too high. Pattern altitude is 1500 feet. /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1600 You are too low. Pattern altitude is 1500 feet. /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1400 /position/latitude-deg 41.544 You are now opposite the end of the runway. Reduce power to 70%, set flaps to 10. /controls/flight/flaps 0.3 /controls/engines/current-engine/throttle 0.75 Let the aircraft descend and slow down. Continue flying a heading of 310. You are heading too far left, Turn right slightly to heading 300. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 300 You are heading too far right, Turn left slightly to heading 300. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 320 You are too high. You should be descending to around 1300 feet. /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1350 /instrumentation/altimeter/indicated-altitude-ft 1350 /instrumentation/nav/frequencies/selected-mhz 112 /instrumentation/nav[0]/radials/selected-deg 127 Turn left to base (heading 220), and set flaps to 20. Continue descending, but make sure to maintain a safe altitude above the ground! /instrumentation/nav[0]/filtered-cdiNAV0-deflection 4 Turn onto final (heading 130), and line up with the runway. /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 120 /instrumentation/heading-indicator/indicated-heading-deg 140 /position/latitude-deg 41.538 Set flaps to 30. Control your descent rate using the throttle. Watch the VASI lights to see if you're on the correct glideslope. /position/latitude-deg 41.528 Slowly reduce power to idle. When you are about 10 feet above the ground, smoothly bring the nose up so it is just above the horizon. /position/altitude-agl-ft 10.0 Keep tracking straight down the runway using the rudder and let the aircraft land on the main gear. /velocities/airspeed-kt 45.0 Lower the nose wheel, continue to track down the runway and gently brake to a stop. /velocities/airspeed-kt 5.0 Congratulations on successfully following the pattern. If you want to practice more landings, you can take off again immediately. Don't forget to lift your flaps though! This is known as a Touch and Go.