diff --git a/Materials/regions/UAE.xml b/Materials/regions/UAE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9f99ed74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Materials/regions/UAE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<PropertyList>
+  <name>United Arabic Emirates</name>
+ 
+  <area>
+    <lon1>52.44153</lon1>
+    <lon2>55.56652</lon2>
+    <lat1>24.55044</lat1>
+    <lat2>22.59862</lat2>
+  </area>
+
+  <area>
+    <lon1>54.32437</lon1>
+    <lon2>56.57400</lon2>
+    <lat1>24.41955</lat1>
+    <lat2>26.00005</lat2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>BuiltUpCover</name>
+    <name>Urban</name>
+    <name>Town</name>
+    <name>SubUrban</name>
+    <effect>Effects/urban</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/town-middle-east.png</texture>
+      <texture n="2">Terrain/town-middle-east-relief-light.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <xsize>1400</xsize>
+    <ysize>1400</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>100000.0</light-coverage>
+    <emissive>
+      <r>0.05</r>
+      <g>0.05</g>
+      <b>0.02</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </emissive>
+    <object-group include="Materials/base/town-buildings.xml"/>
+    <building-coverage>2500.0</building-coverage>
+    <building-small-ratio>0.9</building-small-ratio>
+    <building-medium-ratio>0.1</building-medium-ratio>
+    <building-large-ratio>0.0</building-large-ratio>
+    <building-medium-max-floors>4</building-medium-max-floors>
+    <wood-coverage>25000.0</wood-coverage>
+    <tree-texture>Trees/tropical-alt.png</tree-texture>
+    <tree-varieties>8</tree-varieties>
+    <tree-range-m alias="/params/forest/tree-range-m"/>
+    <tree-height-m>12.0</tree-height-m>
+    <tree-width-m>7.0</tree-width-m>
+  </material>
+  
+	<material>
+		<name>Construction</name>
+		<name>Industrial</name>
+		<effect>Effects/urban</effect>
+		<texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/industry-midle-east.png</texture>
+      <texture n="2">Terrain/industry-midle-east-relief-light.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <object-mask>Terrain/industrial-mask.png</object-mask>
+		<xsize>1400</xsize>
+		<ysize>1400</ysize>
+		<light-coverage>100000.0</light-coverage>
+		<emissive>
+		 <r>0.05</r>
+		 <g>0.05</g>
+		 <b>0.02</b>
+		 <a>1.0</a>
+		</emissive>
+		<object-group include="Materials/base/industrial-buildings.xml"/>
+	</material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Landmass</name>
+    <name>SomeSort</name>
+    <name>Island</name>
+    <name>Default</name>
+      <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/california-sand.png</texture> 
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/california-airport2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="15">Terrain/sand_hires_ochre.png</texture>
+    </texture-set> 
+    <parameters>
+      <hires_overlay_bias>0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
+      <dot_density>0.1</dot_density>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>10000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <shininess>2.5</shininess>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <effect>Effects/landmass-scrub</effect>
+    <name>ShrubCover</name>
+    <name>ShrubGrassCover</name>
+    <name>ScrubCover</name>
+    <name>Scrub</name>
+    <name>Sclerophyllous</name>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/shrub1_dark.png</texture>
+      <texture n="11">Terrain/sand_hires_ochre.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/dirtrock_dark.png</texture>
+      <texture n="15">Terrain/airport_grass2.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <hires_overlay_bias>-0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.0</r>
+      <g>0.86</g>
+      <b>0.86</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.1</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <light-coverage>20000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <wood-coverage>12000.0</wood-coverage>
+    <tree-texture>Trees/mixed-shrub.png</tree-texture>
+    <tree-varieties>8</tree-varieties>
+    <tree-range-m alias="/params/forest/tree-range-m"/>
+    <tree-height-m>2.0</tree-height-m>
+    <tree-width-m>2.0</tree-width-m>
+    <rolling-friction>0.6</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.4</bumpiness>
+  </material>
+
+
+  <material>
+    <name>DryCropPastureCover</name>
+    <name>DryCrop</name>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/dry_pasture4.png</texture>
+      <texture n="11">Terrain/sand_hires_ochre.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/dry_pasture4.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <hires_overlay_bias>-0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.9</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.6</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+    <light-coverage>2000000.0</light-coverage>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>MixedCropPastureCover</name>
+    <name>MixedCrop</name>
+    <name>ComplexCrop</name>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/irrcrop.png</texture>
+      <texture n="11">Terrain/dry_pasture4.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/town-europe.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/drycrop.png</texture>
+      <texture n="11">Terrain/dry_pasture4.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/town-europe.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <hires_overlay_bias>-0.05</hires_overlay_bias>
+      <dust_resistance>0.7</dust_resistance>
+      <transition_model>0.7</transition_model>
+    </parameters>
+    <object-mask>Terrain/irrcrop.mask.png</object-mask>
+    <object-mask>Terrain/irrcrop.mask.png</object-mask>
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>2000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.9</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.7</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+    <object-group include="Materials/base/farm-buildings.xml"/>
+    <wood-coverage>5000.0</wood-coverage>
+    <tree-texture>Trees/mixed-alt.png</tree-texture>
+    <tree-varieties>8</tree-varieties>
+    <tree-range-m alias="/params/forest/tree-range-m"/>
+    <tree-height-m>20.0</tree-height-m>
+    <tree-width-m>12.0</tree-width-m>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>IrrCropPastureCover</name>
+    <name>IrrCrop</name>
+    <name>Orchard</name>
+    <name>Olives</name>
+    <name>Vineyard</name>
+    <name>Rice</name>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/mixedcrop.png</texture>
+      <texture n="11">Terrain/mixedforest-hires.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/drycrop.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <object-mask>Terrain/irrcrop.mask.png</object-mask>
+    <parameters>
+      <hires_overlay_bias>-0.12</hires_overlay_bias>
+      <transition_model>0.0</transition_model>
+      <dust_resistance>0.1</dust_resistance>
+    </parameters>
+    <!--<object-mask>Terrain/rice1.mask.png</object-mask>-->
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>2000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.9</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.3</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.6</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+    <!--<object-group include="Materials/base/farm-buildings.xml"/>-->
+    <wood-coverage>120000.0</wood-coverage>
+    <tree-texture>Trees/deciduous-alt.png</tree-texture>
+    <tree-varieties>8</tree-varieties>
+    <tree-range-m alias="/params/forest/tree-range-m"/>
+    <tree-height-m>20.0</tree-height-m>
+    <tree-width-m>12.0</tree-width-m>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>GrassCover</name>
+    <name>BareTundraCover</name>
+    <name>MixedTundraCover</name>
+    <name>Cemetery</name>
+    <effect>Effects/landmass-nowood</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/tundra2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="11">Terrain/grass_hires.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/dirtrock_dark.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <transition_model>0.8</transition_model>
+      <hires_overlay_bias>-0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.15</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <name>Grassland</name>
+    <texture-set>
+  		<texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture> 
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/california-rock.png</texture>  		  
+    </texture-set>
+    <xsize>500</xsize>
+    <ysize>500</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
+
+</PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/africa_desert.xml b/Materials/regions/africa_desert.xml
index 27843fdd5..1a74f4112 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/africa_desert.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/africa_desert.xml
@@ -22,23 +22,60 @@
 		<lat1>15.0</lat1>
 		<lat2>-2.4</lat2>
   </area>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_sand.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_sand.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_sand.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_sand.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
 
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/sand6.png</texture>
-      <texture n="11">Terrain/sand5.png</texture>
-      <texture n="15">Terrain/sand_hires_ochre.png</texture>
+      <texture>Terrain/sand6_hires.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/sand6_hires.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/sand_overlay.png</texture>
     </texture-set>
     <parameters>
-      <hires_overlay_bias>-0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
-      <dot_density>0.2</dot_density>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.5</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>32.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
     </parameters>
-    <xsize>2000</xsize>
-    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/africa_mediterranean.xml b/Materials/regions/africa_mediterranean.xml
index 9b7c5945d..12c381bb6 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/africa_mediterranean.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/africa_mediterranean.xml
@@ -52,22 +52,59 @@
 		<lat2>24.83</lat2>
 	</area>
 
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <texture-set>
       <texture>Terrain/grass_dry3.png</texture>
-      <texture n="11">Terrain/gravel_gray.png</texture>
-			<texture n="15">Terrain/airport_grass2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/grass_dry3.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/gravel_overlay.png</texture>
     </texture-set>
-		<parameters>
-			<grain_strength>0.5</grain_strength>			
-			<hires_overlay_bias>0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
-		</parameters>
-    <xsize>2000</xsize>
-    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>16.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/africa_rainforest.xml b/Materials/regions/africa_rainforest.xml
index f60838b73..a6a5cbac8 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/africa_rainforest.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/africa_rainforest.xml
@@ -10,6 +10,109 @@
     <lat2>9.0</lat2>
   </area>
 
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Grass</name>
+    <name>Airport</name>
+    <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>8.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>dirt_rwy</name>
+    <effect>Effects/dirt-runway</effect>
+  	<texture-set>
+      <texture>Runway/dirt_rwy.png</texture>
+      <texture n="16">Terrain/gravel_brown.png</texture>
+      <texture n="17">Terrain/grass_dry2a_darker.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+     	<strength_05m>0.0</strength_05m>
+	    <strength_1m>0.2</strength_1m>
+	    <strength_2m>0.2</strength_2m>
+	    <strength_5m>0.3</strength_5m>
+	    <strength_10m>0.2</strength_10m>
+	    <filter_threshold>0.2</filter_threshold>
+	    <filter_transition>0.4</filter_transition>
+	    <bias_center>1</bias_center>
+	    <bias_center_strength>0.5</bias_center_strength>
+      <relief_strength>0.35</relief_strength>
+	    <size_base>25.0</size_base>
+	    <size_overlay>25.0</size_overlay>
+	    <size_grain>20.0</size_grain>
+    	<grain_strength>0.2</grain_strength>
+    </parameters>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.04</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+  </material>
+    
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
     <name>MixedForest</name>
@@ -105,41 +208,4 @@
     <bumpiness>0.65</bumpiness>
   </material>
 
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>      
-      <texture n="11">Terrain/shrub-hawaii-green.png</texture>
-      <texture n="15">Terrain/airport_grass2.png</texture>
-    </texture-set>
-		<parameters>
-			<grain_strength>0.5</grain_strength>			
-			<hires_overlay_bias>-0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
-		</parameters>
-    <xsize>2000</xsize>
-    <ysize>2000</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
-
 </PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/africa_savanna.xml b/Materials/regions/africa_savanna.xml
index 1e8639599..843c366ca 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/africa_savanna.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/africa_savanna.xml
@@ -5,10 +5,17 @@
 
   <area>
     <lat1>18.19</lat1>
-    <lat2>-36.72</lat2>
+    <lat2>2.0</lat2>
     <lon1>-19.05</lon1>
     <lon2>42.29</lon2>
   </area>
+  
+  <area>
+    <lat1>2.0</lat1>
+    <lat2>-36.72</lat2>
+    <lon1>8.00</lon1>
+    <lon2>42.29</lon2>
+  </area>
 
   <material>
     <name>RainForest</name>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/arctic.xml b/Materials/regions/arctic.xml
index e395f3622..e5018fbf3 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/arctic.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/arctic.xml
@@ -1,39 +1,24 @@
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!-- Regional definitions for Arctic sea regions -->
 <PropertyList>
-  <name>Arctic and Antarctic sea regions</name>
+  <name>Arctic and Antarctic</name>
 
   <!-- Arctic -->
   <area>
     <lon1>-180.0</lon1>
-    <lat1>68.0</lat1>
     <lon2>180.0</lon2>
-    <lat2>90.0</lat2>
-  </area>
-
-  <!-- Greenland -->
-  <area>
-    <lon1>-60.0</lon1>
-    <lat1>60.0</lat1>
-    <lon2>-30.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>68.0</lat1>
     <lat2>90.0</lat2>
   </area>
 
   <!-- Antarctic -->
   <area>
     <lon1>-180.0</lon1>
-    <lat1>-68.0</lat1>
     <lon2>180.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>-60.0</lat1>
     <lat2>-90.0</lat2>
   </area>
 
-  <condition>
-   <equals>
-    <property>sim/startup/season</property>
-    <value>summer</value>
-   </equals>
-  </condition>
-
   <material>
     <name>Ocean</name>
     <effect>Effects/water</effect>
@@ -81,5 +66,84 @@
     <rolling-friction>2</rolling-friction>
     <bumpiness>0.8</bumpiness>
   </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>Grass</name>
+    <name>Airport</name>
+    <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <effect>Effects/glacier</effect>
+   <texture-set>
+     <texture>Terrain/glacier3.png</texture>
+     <texture n="11">Terrain/snow2.png</texture>
+     <texture n="12">Terrain/glacier1.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <xsize>2000</xsize>
+    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <shininess>1.5</shininess>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <friction-factor>0.2</friction-factor>
+    <bumpiness>0.5</bumpiness>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>dirt_rwy</name>
+    <effect>Effects/dirt-runway</effect>
+  	<texture-set>
+      <texture>Runway/dirt_rwy.png</texture>
+      <texture n="16">Terrain/gravel_gray.png</texture>
+      <texture n="17">Terrain.winter/wash.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+     	<strength_05m>0.0</strength_05m>
+	    <strength_1m>0.2</strength_1m>
+	    <strength_2m>0.2</strength_2m>
+	    <strength_5m>0.3</strength_5m>
+	    <strength_10m>0.2</strength_10m>
+	    <filter_threshold>0.2</filter_threshold>
+	    <filter_transition>0.4</filter_transition>
+	    <bias_center>1</bias_center>
+	    <bias_center_strength>0.5</bias_center_strength>
+      <relief_strength>0.35</relief_strength>
+	    <size_base>25.0</size_base>
+	    <size_overlay>25.0</size_overlay>
+	    <size_grain>20.0</size_grain>
+    	<grain_strength>0.2</grain_strength>
+    </parameters>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.04</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+  </material>
 
 </PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/ascension.xml b/Materials/regions/ascension.xml
index 51a0ba3e2..fb67f3669 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/ascension.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/ascension.xml
@@ -8,13 +8,6 @@
     <lat2>-7.4</lat2>
   </area>
 
-  <condition>
-    <equals>
-      <property>sim/startup/season</property>
-      <value>summer</value>
-    </equals>
-  </condition>
-
   <material>
     <name>Scrub</name>
     <texture-set>
@@ -44,26 +37,71 @@
     <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
   </material>
 
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_dirt.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_dirt.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_dirt.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_dirt.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture>Terrain/lava3.png</texture>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/lava3.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/lava3.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>4.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>128</xsize>
+    <ysize>128</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
-     <r>0.93</r>
-     <g>0.95</g>
-     <b>0.93</b>
-     <a>1.0</a>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
     </diffuse>
     <specular>
-     <r>0.1</r>
-     <g>0.12</g>
-     <b>0.1</b>
-     <a>1.0</a>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
     </specular>
     <shininess>1.2</shininess>
     <solid>1</solid>
@@ -72,7 +110,5 @@
     <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
     <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
   </material>
-
-
-
+  
 </PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_amazon_forest.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_amazon_forest.xml
index e9046610a..1523169f2 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_amazon_forest.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_amazon_forest.xml
@@ -30,6 +30,109 @@
     <lat1>11.0</lat1>
     <lat2>-10.0</lat2>
   </area>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Grass</name>
+    <name>Airport</name>
+    <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>8.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>dirt_rwy</name>
+    <effect>Effects/dirt-runway</effect>
+  	<texture-set>
+      <texture>Runway/dirt_rwy.png</texture>
+      <texture n="16">Terrain/gravel_brown.png</texture>
+      <texture n="17">Terrain/grass_dry2a_darker.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+     	<strength_05m>0.0</strength_05m>
+	    <strength_1m>0.2</strength_1m>
+	    <strength_2m>0.2</strength_2m>
+	    <strength_5m>0.3</strength_5m>
+	    <strength_10m>0.2</strength_10m>
+	    <filter_threshold>0.2</filter_threshold>
+	    <filter_transition>0.4</filter_transition>
+	    <bias_center>1</bias_center>
+	    <bias_center_strength>0.5</bias_center_strength>
+      <relief_strength>0.35</relief_strength>
+	    <size_base>25.0</size_base>
+	    <size_overlay>25.0</size_overlay>
+	    <size_grain>20.0</size_grain>
+    	<grain_strength>0.2</grain_strength>
+    </parameters>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.04</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+  </material>
 
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_caatinga.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_caatinga.xml
index 4796cae2e..c5f1aba7a 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_caatinga.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_caatinga.xml
@@ -8,6 +8,80 @@
     <lat1>-2.00</lat1>
     <lat2>-14.0</lat2>
   </area>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder2.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f2.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder2.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f2.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Grass</name>
+    <name>Airport</name>
+    <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/california-airport.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/california-airport.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/gravel_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>16.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>128</xsize>
+    <ysize>128</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
 
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
@@ -180,42 +254,6 @@
     <bumpiness>0.8</bumpiness>
   </material>
   
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>      
-      <texture n="11">Terrain/gravel_red.png</texture>
-    </texture-set>
-		<parameters>
-			<grain_strength>0.5</grain_strength>			
-			<hires_overlay_bias>-0.03</hires_overlay_bias>
-		</parameters>
-    <xsize>2000</xsize>
-    <ysize>2000</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
-  
   <material>  
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
     <name>MixedForest</name>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_cerrado.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_cerrado.xml
index d1617acab..1a23f456b 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_cerrado.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_cerrado.xml
@@ -8,38 +8,6 @@
     <lat1>1.93</lat1>
     <lat2>-20.00</lat2>
   </area>
-  
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>  
-    </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
-
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
     <name>MixedForest</name>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_mata_atlantica.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_mata_atlantica.xml
index 973cb8245..5cfc02a81 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_mata_atlantica.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_mata_atlantica.xml
@@ -101,36 +101,12 @@
     <lat2>-25.00</lat2>
   </area>
   
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>  
-    </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-90.0</lon1>
+    <lon2>-30.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>-23.0</lat1>
+    <lat2>23.0</lat2>
+  </area>
 
   <material>  
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_pampas.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_pampas.xml
index 0d5bf0798..24ac7ce40 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_pampas.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_pampas.xml
@@ -9,16 +9,59 @@
     <lat2>-36.60</lat2>
   </area>
   
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>  
+      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
     </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>4.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>128</xsize>
+    <ysize>128</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_pantanal.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_pantanal.xml
index 122f714af..c4602fa05 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_pantanal.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_pantanal.xml
@@ -9,6 +9,137 @@
     <lat2>-20.78</lat2>
   </area>
 
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-73.3</lon1>
+    <lon2>-66.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>6.00</lat1>
+    <lat2>-11.3</lat2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-66.0</lon1>
+    <lon2>-59.5</lon2>
+    <lat1>8.50</lat1>
+    <lat2>-11.3</lat2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-59.5</lon1>
+    <lon2>-47.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>11.0</lat1>
+    <lat2>-13.0</lat2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-47.0</lon1>
+    <lon2>-43.5</lon2>
+    <lat1>11.0</lat1>
+    <lat2>-10.0</lat2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Grass</name>
+    <name>Airport</name>
+    <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>8.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>dirt_rwy</name>
+    <effect>Effects/dirt-runway</effect>
+  	<texture-set>
+      <texture>Runway/dirt_rwy.png</texture>
+      <texture n="16">Terrain/gravel_brown.png</texture>
+      <texture n="17">Terrain/grass_dry2a_darker.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+     	<strength_05m>0.0</strength_05m>
+	    <strength_1m>0.2</strength_1m>
+	    <strength_2m>0.2</strength_2m>
+	    <strength_5m>0.3</strength_5m>
+	    <strength_10m>0.2</strength_10m>
+	    <filter_threshold>0.2</filter_threshold>
+	    <filter_transition>0.4</filter_transition>
+	    <bias_center>1</bias_center>
+	    <bias_center_strength>0.5</bias_center_strength>
+      <relief_strength>0.35</relief_strength>
+	    <size_base>25.0</size_base>
+	    <size_overlay>25.0</size_overlay>
+	    <size_grain>20.0</size_grain>
+    	<grain_strength>0.2</grain_strength>
+    </parameters>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.04</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+  </material>
+
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
     <name>MixedForest</name>
@@ -64,41 +195,4 @@
     <bumpiness>1</bumpiness>
   </material>
 
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>      
-      <texture n="11">Terrain/shrub-hawaii-green.png</texture>
-      <texture n="15">Terrain/airport_grass2.png</texture>
-    </texture-set>
-		<parameters>
-			<grain_strength>0.5</grain_strength>			
-			<hires_overlay_bias>-0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
-		</parameters>
-    <xsize>2000</xsize>
-    <ysize>2000</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
-
 </PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/brazil_southern_cerrado.xml b/Materials/regions/brazil_southern_cerrado.xml
index 609b7c119..0522df1d7 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/brazil_southern_cerrado.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/brazil_southern_cerrado.xml
@@ -8,37 +8,6 @@
     <lat1>-20.00</lat1>
     <lat2>-25.86</lat2>
   </area>
-  
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>  
-    </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
 
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/california.xml b/Materials/regions/california.xml
index 521f6c9fb..c2dbb5d32 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/california.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/california.xml
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
-       <texture-set>
-	<texture>Terrain/california-airport.png</texture>
- 	<texture n="13">Terrain/gravel_red.png</texture>
-        <texture n="14">Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
-       </texture-set>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/california-airport.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/gravel_red.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
     <parameters>
       <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
       <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/europe.xml b/Materials/regions/europe.xml
index 099b08450..83a95b62a 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/europe.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/europe.xml
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
     <name>SubUrban</name>
     <effect>Effects/urban</effect>
     <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/town-europe.png</texture>
+      <texture>Terrain/town-europe-autumn.png</texture>
       <texture n="2">Terrain/town-europe-relief-light.png</texture>
     </texture-set>    
     <object-mask>Terrain/town-europe.mask.png</object-mask>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/global-summer.xml b/Materials/regions/global-summer.xml
index 7023c27f8..273eb42e8 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/global-summer.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/global-summer.xml
@@ -10,16 +10,26 @@
   </condition>
   
   <material>
-    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/airport-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture>Terrain/airport-grass-autumn.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/airport-grass-autumn.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
     </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>8.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/global-winter.xml b/Materials/regions/global-winter.xml
index 247feb93d..6b2377b03 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/global-winter.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/global-winter.xml
@@ -471,13 +471,58 @@
     <bumpiness>0.85</bumpiness>
   </material>
 
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_winter.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <texture>Terrain.winter/airport.png</texture>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/snow2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/snow2.png</texture>    
+      <texture n="14">Terrain.winter/airport_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.25</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.2</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>2.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>512</xsize>
+    <ysize>512</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/global.xml b/Materials/regions/global.xml
index c9ee941d8..246a0a07e 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/global.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/global.xml
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
 
   <material include="Materials/base/runway_effect.xml">
     <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
-    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f1.png</texture>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f.png</texture>
     <parameters>
      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
     </parameters>
@@ -475,6 +475,9 @@
   <material include="Materials/base/runway_effect.xml">
     <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
     <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+     <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
   </material>
 
   <material include="Materials/base/runway_effect.xml">
diff --git a/Materials/regions/greenland.xml b/Materials/regions/greenland.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7814a9ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Materials/regions/greenland.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!-- Regional definitions for Arctic sea regions -->
+<PropertyList>
+  <name>Greenland</name>
+
+  <!-- Greenland -->
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-60.0</lon1>
+    <lon2>-30.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>60.0</lat1>
+    <lat2>90.0</lat2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <condition>
+    <equals>
+      <property>sim/startup/season</property>
+      <value>summer</value>
+    </equals>
+  </condition>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Ocean</name>
+    <effect>Effects/water</effect>
+    <texture>Terrain/water.png</texture>
+    <xsize>400</xsize>
+    <ysize>400</ysize>
+    <object-group>
+      <range-m>40000</range-m>
+      <object>
+        <path>Models/Geometry/container_carrier.ac</path>
+        <coverage-m2>500000000</coverage-m2>
+        <heading-type>random</heading-type>
+      </object>
+    </object-group>
+    <object-group>
+      <range-m>40000</range-m>
+      <object>
+        <path>Models/Maritime/Ice/iceberg1.xml</path>
+        <path>Models/Maritime/Ice/iceberg2.xml</path>
+        <path>Models/Maritime/Ice/iceberg3.xml</path>
+        <coverage-m2>5000000</coverage-m2>
+        <heading-type>random</heading-type>
+      </object>
+    </object-group>
+      <ambient>
+      <r>0.0</r>
+      <g>0.0</g>
+      <b>0.0</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </ambient>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.4</r>
+      <g>0.4</g>
+      <b>0.4</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.0</r>
+      <g>0.0</g>
+      <b>0.2</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>0</shininess>
+    <solid>0</solid>
+    <rolling-friction>2</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.8</bumpiness>
+  </material>
+
+</PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/large_cities_illumination.xml b/Materials/regions/large_cities_illumination.xml
index 5f2ab615c..5be4d5146 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/large_cities_illumination.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/large_cities_illumination.xml
@@ -481,6 +481,48 @@
     <lat2>25.45</lat2>
   </area>
   
+  <area> <!-- Singapore -->
+    <lat1>1.58699</lat1>
+    <lat2>1.21129</lat2>
+    <lon1>103.54190</lon1>
+    <lon2>104.11420</lon2>
+  </area>
+    
+  <area> <!-- Taipei -->
+    <lat1>25.14166</lat1>
+    <lat2>24.94261</lat2>
+    <lon1>121.40199</lon1>
+    <lon2>121.65701</lon2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area> <!-- Jakarta -->
+    <lat1>-6.02920</lat1>
+    <lat2>-6.67773</lat2>
+    <lon1>106.51083</lon1>
+    <lon2>107.05486</lon2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area> <!-- Bangkok -->
+    <lat1>13.49122</lat1>
+    <lat2>13.99689</lat2>
+    <lon1>100.80446</lon1>
+    <lon2>100.37361</lon2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area> <!-- Hanoi -->
+    <lat1>21.10904</lat1>
+    <lat2>20.92763</lat2>
+    <lon1>105.73858</lon1>
+    <lon2>105.92987</lon2>
+  </area>
+  
+  <area> <!-- Kathmandu -->
+    <lat1>27.75152</lat1>
+    <lat2>27.64272</lat2>
+    <lon1>85.27148</lon1>
+    <lon2>85.38671</lon2>
+  </area>
+  
   <!-- all below by Jonathan Redpath (legoboyvdlp) -->
   <area> <!-- Maracay, Venezuela -->
 		<lon1>-67.643852</lon1>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/materials.xml b/Materials/regions/materials.xml
index a91a70948..f1789b1a3 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/materials.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/materials.xml
@@ -24,68 +24,70 @@
 
 <!-- Arctic and Antarctic Regions -->
 <region include="Materials/regions/arctic.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/greenland.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/north_atlantic_islands.xml"/>
 
 <!-- North America -->
 <region include="Materials/regions/alaska.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/us_southwest.xml"/> 
-<region include="Materials/regions/california.xml"/> <!-- modified by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/california.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/sierras.xml"/>
 
 <!-- South America -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/tropical_south_america.xml"/> <!-- modified by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/latin_american_cities.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/tropical_south_america.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/latin_american_cities.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/caribbean.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/ascension.xml"/>
-<region include="Materials/regions/mexico.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_cerrado.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_brasilia.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_southern_cerrado.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_caatinga.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_chapada_diamantina.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_mata_atlantica.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_amazon_forest.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_manaus.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_pantanal.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_pampas.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_lencois.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/mexico.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_amazon_forest.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_mata_atlantica.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_manaus.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_cerrado.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_brasilia.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_southern_cerrado.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_pantanal.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_pampas.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_lencois.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_caatinga.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/brazil_chapada_diamantina.xml"/>
 
 <!-- Asia -->
 <region include="Materials/regions/asia.xml"/>
 
 <!-- Pacific-->
-<region include="Materials/regions/indonesia.xml"/> <!-- modified by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/southeast_asia.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/indonesia.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/southeast_asia.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/hawaii.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/oahu.xml"/>
 
 <!-- Africa -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/africa_savanna.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/africa_desert.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/africa_rainforest.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/africa_mediterranean.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/africa_kilimanjaro.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/mediterranean_cities.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho. These cities also apply to Northern Africa and Middle East -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/africa_savanna.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/africa_desert.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/africa_rainforest.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/africa_mediterranean.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/africa_kilimanjaro.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/mediterranean_cities.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/south_africa.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/madagascar.xml"/>
 
 <!-- Europe -->
 <region include="Materials/regions/europe.xml"/>
-<region include="Materials/regions/europe-winter.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/europe-winter.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/scandinavia.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/united_kingdom.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/ireland.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/corse.xml"/>
 <region include="Materials/regions/iceland.xml"/>
-<region include="Materials/regions/norway.xml"/>  <!-- added by D-ECHO and gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/southern_europe.xml"/> <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/norway.xml"/>
+<region include="Materials/regions/southern_europe.xml"/>
 
 <!-- Middle East-->
 <region include="Materials/regions/middle_east.xml"/>
-<region include="Materials/regions/middle_east_large_cities.xml"/>  <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/middle_east_large_cities.xml"/> 
+<region include="Materials/regions/UAE.xml"/>
 
 <!-- street illumination-->
-<region include="Materials/regions/large_cities_illumination.xml"/>  <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
-<region include="Materials/regions/mega_cities_illumination.xml"/>  <!-- added by gsagostinho -->
+<region include="Materials/regions/large_cities_illumination.xml"/> 
+<region include="Materials/regions/mega_cities_illumination.xml"/> 
 
 </PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/mexico.xml b/Materials/regions/mexico.xml
index 32908ef8f..202ff9520 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/mexico.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/mexico.xml
@@ -36,13 +36,7 @@
     <lon1>-100.70</lon1>
     <lon2>-95.70</lon2>
   </area>
-  <condition>
-   <equals>
-    <property>sim/startup/season</property>
-    <value>summer</value>
-   </equals>
-  </condition>
-
+  
   <material include="Materials/base/runway_effect.xml">
   <name>pa_shoulder</name>
     <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder2.png</texture>
@@ -104,9 +98,17 @@
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
-	  <texture-set>
-		  <texture>Terrain/california-airport.png</texture>
-  	</texture-set>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/california-airport.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/gravel_red.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/grass_dry2.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+      <overlay_bias>-0.1</overlay_bias>
+    </parameters>
     <xsize>250</xsize>
     <ysize>250</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@
     <effect>Effects/forest</effect>
     <texture-set>
       <texture>Terrain/california-shrub.png</texture>
-      <texture n="12">Terrain/california-shrub2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="12">Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
 	    <texture n="13">Terrain/california-rock.png</texture>
       <texture n="15">Terrain/gravel_red.png</texture> 
     </texture-set>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/southeast_asia.xml b/Materials/regions/southeast_asia.xml
index d28eea6d8..8f2a38d20 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/southeast_asia.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/southeast_asia.xml
@@ -7,6 +7,80 @@
     <lat1>-11.5</lat1>
     <lat2>27.0</lat2>
   </area>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>Grass</name>
+    <name>Airport</name>
+    <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
+    <texture-set>
+      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
+    </texture-set>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>4.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>128</xsize>
+    <ysize>128</ysize>
+    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
+    <diffuse>
+      <r>0.93</r>
+      <g>0.95</g>
+      <b>0.93</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </diffuse>
+    <specular>
+      <r>0.1</r>
+      <g>0.12</g>
+      <b>0.1</b>
+      <a>1.0</a>
+    </specular>
+    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
+    <solid>1</solid>
+    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
+    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
+    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
+    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
+  </material>
 
   <material>
     <effect>Effects/forest</effect>
@@ -150,36 +224,5 @@
     <tree-height-m>20.0</tree-height-m>
     <tree-width-m>12.0</tree-width-m>
   </material>
-  
-  <material>
-    <name>Grass</name>
-    <name>Airport</name>
-    <name>AirportKeep</name>
-    <name>Greenspace</name>
-    <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>  
-    </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
-    <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
-    <diffuse>
-      <r>0.93</r>
-      <g>0.95</g>
-      <b>0.93</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </diffuse>
-    <specular>
-      <r>0.1</r>
-      <g>0.12</g>
-      <b>0.1</b>
-      <a>1.0</a>
-    </specular>
-    <shininess>1.2</shininess>
-    <solid>1</solid>
-    <friction-factor>0.7</friction-factor>
-    <rolling-friction>0.1</rolling-friction>
-    <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
-    <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
-  </material>
 
 </PropertyList>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/southern_europe.xml b/Materials/regions/southern_europe.xml
index bc445a25e..2f4ef8ade 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/southern_europe.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/southern_europe.xml
@@ -65,23 +65,75 @@
     <lat1>36.85</lat1>
     <lat2>35.97</lat2>
   </area>
+  
+  <!-- Atlantic Islands (Madeira, Canarias, Tenerife, etc.) -->
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-32.4</lon1>
+    <lon2>-15.0</lon2>
+    <lat1>40.44</lat1>
+    <lat2>26.46</lat2>
+  </area>
+
+  <area>
+    <lon1>-15.0</lon1>
+    <lon2>-13.217</lon2>
+    <lat1>30.007</lat1>
+    <lat2>27.887</lat2>
+  </area>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
 
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
     <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <texture-set>
       <texture>Terrain/grass_dry3.png</texture>
-      <texture n="11">Terrain/gravel_gray.png</texture>
-			<texture n="15">Terrain/airport_grass2.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/grass_dry3.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/gravel_overlay.png</texture>
     </texture-set>
-		<parameters>
-			<grain_strength>0.5</grain_strength>			
-			<hires_overlay_bias>0.1</hires_overlay_bias>
-		</parameters>
-    <xsize>2000</xsize>
-    <ysize>2000</ysize>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>16.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>256</xsize>
+    <ysize>256</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
diff --git a/Materials/regions/tropical_south_america.xml b/Materials/regions/tropical_south_america.xml
index fea1413ef..dd8fea1b6 100644
--- a/Materials/regions/tropical_south_america.xml
+++ b/Materials/regions/tropical_south_america.xml
@@ -6,19 +6,63 @@
   <area>
     <lon1>-90.0</lon1>
     <lon2>-30.0</lon2>
-    <lat1>-23.0</lat1>
+    <lat1>-26.0</lat1>
     <lat2>23.0</lat2>
   </area>
 
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pa_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pa_shoulder_f_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+  
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
+  <material>
+    <name>pc_shoulder_f</name>
+    <texture>Runway/pc_shoulder_f_latin_america.png</texture>
+    <parameters>
+      <uvstretch>8.0</uvstretch>
+    </parameters>
+  </material>
+
   <material>
     <name>Grass</name>
     <name>Airport</name>
     <name>AirportKeep</name>
+    <name>Greenspace</name>
+    <effect>Effects/airfield</effect>
     <texture-set>
-      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>  
+      <texture>Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture n="13">Terrain/california-grass.png</texture>
+      <texture n="14">Terrain/airport_grass_overlay.png</texture>
     </texture-set>
-    <xsize>125</xsize>
-    <ysize>125</ysize>
+    <parameters>
+      <grit_alpha>0.4</grit_alpha>
+      <use_overlay>1</use_overlay>
+			<overlay_bias>0.5</overlay_bias>
+      <use_color_overlay>0</use_color_overlay>
+      <base_layer_magnification>1.0</base_layer_magnification>
+      <overlay_layer_magnification>4.0</overlay_layer_magnification>
+    </parameters>
+    <xsize>128</xsize>
+    <ysize>128</ysize>
     <light-coverage>4000000.0</light-coverage>
     <diffuse>
       <r>0.93</r>
@@ -74,8 +118,6 @@
     <bumpiness>0.1</bumpiness>
     <load-resistance>1e30</load-resistance>
   </material>
-  
-
 
   <material>
     <name>MixedForestCover</name>
diff --git a/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1-new.png b/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1-new.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37749742b
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1-new.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1-old.png b/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1-old.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db9c0400e
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1-old.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1.xcf b/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b0f74c4a
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Globe/ocean_depth_1.xcf differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder.png
index 9b024a300..8a6c268a4 100644
Binary files a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder.png and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f12cd12d
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_dirt.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_dirt.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c649f45d8
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_dirt.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f.png
index aafddc5eb..5e2a1cd13 100644
Binary files a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f.png and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d17e11b7
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_dirt.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_dirt.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..356db8ef6
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_dirt.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_latin_america.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_latin_america.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47f26eaf1
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_latin_america.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..433e71ab4
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_sand.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_sand.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11c2b3288
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_sand.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_winter.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_winter.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5e4ad223
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_f_winter.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_latin_america.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_latin_america.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab6ff3643
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_latin_america.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_mediterranean.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_mediterranean.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5607bb57f
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_mediterranean.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_sand.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_sand.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd6fcb81e
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_sand.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_winter.png b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_winter.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa550f58d
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pa_shoulder_winter.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder.png
index 0013cc57e..941776c40 100644
Binary files a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder.png and b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder2.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder2.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcae197ae
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder2.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96a49323b
Binary files /dev/null and b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_africa_rainforest.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_dirt.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_dirt.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..230515d9c
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f.png
index 612a500ac..b54a312b5 100644
Binary files a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f.png and b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f.png differ
diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f2.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f2.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea5d54cca
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_africa_rainforest.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e50b34932
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_dirt.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_dirt.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc2c57bd7
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_latin_america.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_latin_america.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a39b40d7d
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_mediterranean.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90f64b43c
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_sand.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_sand.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5eea6e020
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_winter.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_f_winter.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ba93b37d
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_latin_america.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_latin_america.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..781ecf277
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_mediterranean.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_mediterranean.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b6abe42b
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_sand.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_sand.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5947eee54
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diff --git a/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_winter.png b/Textures/Runway/pc_shoulder_winter.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92b16bb3a
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diff --git a/Textures/Terrain.winter/airport_overlay.png b/Textures/Terrain.winter/airport_overlay.png
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