fgdata/Shaders/terrain-haze.frag

// -*-C++-*-

// written by Thorsten Renk, Oct 2011, based on default.frag
// Ambient term comes in gl_Color.rgb.
varying vec4 diffuse_term;
varying vec3 normal;
varying vec3 relPos;


uniform sampler2D texture;


varying float yprime_alt;
varying float mie_angle;


uniform float visibility;
uniform float avisibility;
uniform float scattering;
//uniform float ground_scattering;
uniform float terminator;
uniform float terrain_alt; 
uniform float hazeLayerAltitude;
uniform float overcast;
//uniform float altitude;
uniform float eye_alt;

const float EarthRadius = 5800000.0;
const float terminator_width = 200000.0;

float alt;
float eShade;

float luminance(vec3 color)
{
    return dot(vec3(0.212671, 0.715160, 0.072169), color);
}


float light_func (in float x, in float a, in float b, in float c, in float d, in float e)
{
x = x - 0.5;

// use the asymptotics to shorten computations
if (x > 30.0) {return e;}
if (x < -15.0) {return 0.0;}

return e / pow((1.0 + a * exp(-b * (x-c)) ),(1.0/d));
}

// this determines how light is attenuated in the distance
// physically this should be exp(-arg) but for technical reasons we use a sharper cutoff
// for distance > visibility

float fog_func (in float targ)
{


float fade_mix;

// for large altitude > 30 km, we switch to some component of quadratic distance fading to
// create the illusion of improved visibility range

targ = 1.25 * targ; // need to sync with the distance to which terrain is drawn


if (alt < 30000.0)
	{return exp(-targ - targ * targ * targ * targ);}
else if (alt < 50000.0)
	{
	fade_mix = (alt - 30000.0)/20000.0;
	return fade_mix * exp(-targ*targ - pow(targ,4.0)) + (1.0 - fade_mix) * exp(-targ - pow(targ,4.0));	
	}
else 
	{
	return exp(- targ * targ - pow(targ,4.0));
	}

}

void main()
{

// this is taken from default.frag
    vec3 n;
    float NdotL, NdotHV, fogFactor;
    vec4 color = gl_Color;
    vec3 lightDir = gl_LightSource[0].position.xyz;
    vec3 halfVector = gl_LightSource[0].halfVector.xyz;
    vec4 texel;
    vec4 fragColor;
    vec4 specular = vec4(0.0);
    float intensity;



    vec4 light_specular = gl_LightSource[0].specular;

    // If gl_Color.a == 0, this is a back-facing polygon and the
    // normal should be reversed.
    n = (2.0 * gl_Color.a - 1.0) * normal;
    n = normalize(n);

    NdotL = dot(n, lightDir);
    if (NdotL > 0.0) {
        color += diffuse_term * NdotL;
        NdotHV = max(dot(n, halfVector), 0.0);
        if (gl_FrontMaterial.shininess > 0.0)
            specular.rgb = (gl_FrontMaterial.specular.rgb
                            * light_specular.rgb
                            * pow(NdotHV, gl_FrontMaterial.shininess));
    }
    color.a = diffuse_term.a;
    // This shouldn't be necessary, but our lighting becomes very
    // saturated. Clamping the color before modulating by the texture
    // is closer to what the OpenGL fixed function pipeline does.
    color = clamp(color, 0.0, 1.0);
    texel = texture2D(texture, gl_TexCoord[0].st);
    fragColor = color * texel + specular;



// here comes the terrain haze model


float delta_z = hazeLayerAltitude - eye_alt;
float dist = length(relPos);

if (dist > max(40.0, 0.04 * min(visibility,avisibility))) 
//if (dist > 40.0)
{

alt = eye_alt;


float transmission;
float vAltitude;
float delta_zv;
float H;
float distance_in_layer;
float transmission_arg;

// angle with horizon
float ct = dot(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), relPos)/dist;


// we solve the geometry what part of the light path is attenuated normally and what is through the haze layer

if (delta_z > 0.0) // we're inside the layer
	{
	if (ct < 0.0) // we look down 
		{
		distance_in_layer = dist;
		vAltitude = min(distance_in_layer,min(visibility, avisibility)) * ct;
  		delta_zv = delta_z - vAltitude;
		}
	else 	// we may look through upper layer edge
		{
		H = dist * ct;
		if (H > delta_z) {distance_in_layer = dist/H * delta_z;}
		else {distance_in_layer = dist;}
		vAltitude = min(distance_in_layer,visibility) * ct;
  		delta_zv = delta_z - vAltitude;	
		}
	}
  else // we see the layer from above, delta_z < 0.0
	{	
	H = dist * -ct;
	if (H  < (-delta_z)) // we don't see into the layer at all, aloft visibility is the only fading
		{
		distance_in_layer = 0.0;
		delta_zv = 0.0;
		}		
	else
		{
		vAltitude = H + delta_z;
		distance_in_layer = vAltitude/H * dist; 
		vAltitude = min(distance_in_layer,visibility) * (-ct);
		delta_zv = vAltitude;
		} 
	}
	

// ground haze cannot be thinner than aloft visibility in the model,
// so we need to use aloft visibility otherwise


transmission_arg = (dist-distance_in_layer)/avisibility;


float eqColorFactor;

//float scattering = ground_scattering + (1.0 - ground_scattering) * smoothstep(hazeLayerAltitude -100.0, hazeLayerAltitude + 100.0, relPos.z + eye_alt);

if (visibility < avisibility)
	{
	transmission_arg = transmission_arg + (distance_in_layer/visibility);
	// this combines the Weber-Fechner intensity
	eqColorFactor = 1.0 - 0.1 * delta_zv/visibility - (1.0 -scattering);

	}
else 
	{
	transmission_arg = transmission_arg + (distance_in_layer/avisibility);
	// this combines the Weber-Fechner intensity
	eqColorFactor = 1.0 - 0.1 * delta_zv/avisibility - (1.0 -scattering);
	}



transmission =  fog_func(transmission_arg);

// there's always residual intensity, we should never be driven to zero
if (eqColorFactor < 0.2) eqColorFactor = 0.2;


float lightArg = (terminator-yprime_alt)/100000.0;

vec3 hazeColor;

hazeColor.b = light_func(lightArg, 1.330e-05, 0.264, 2.527, 1.08e-05, 1.0);
hazeColor.g = light_func(lightArg, 3.931e-06, 0.264, 3.827, 7.93e-06, 1.0);
hazeColor.r = light_func(lightArg, 8.305e-06, 0.161, 3.827, 3.04e-05, 1.0);


// now dim the light for haze

eShade = 0.9 * smoothstep(terminator_width+ terminator, -terminator_width + terminator, yprime_alt) + 0.1;

// Mie-like factor

if (lightArg < 10.0)
	{intensity = length(hazeColor);
	float mie_magnitude = 0.5 * smoothstep(350000.0, 150000.0, terminator-sqrt(2.0 * EarthRadius * terrain_alt));
	hazeColor = intensity * ((1.0 - mie_magnitude) + mie_magnitude * mie_angle) * normalize(mix(hazeColor,  vec3 (0.5, 0.58, 0.65), mie_magnitude * (0.5 - 0.5 * mie_angle)) ); 
	}

// high altitude desaturation of the haze color

intensity = length(hazeColor);
hazeColor = intensity * normalize (mix(hazeColor, intensity * vec3 (1.0,1.0,1.0), 0.7* smoothstep(5000.0, 50000.0, alt)));

// blue hue of haze

hazeColor.x = hazeColor.x * 0.83;
hazeColor.y = hazeColor.y * 0.9; 


// additional blue in indirect light
float fade_out = max(0.65 - 0.3 *overcast, 0.45);
intensity = length(hazeColor);
hazeColor = intensity * normalize(mix(hazeColor,  1.5* vec3 (0.45, 0.6, 0.8), 1.0 -smoothstep(0.25, fade_out,eShade) )); 

// change haze color to blue hue for strong fogging
//intensity = length(hazeColor);
hazeColor = intensity * normalize(mix(hazeColor,  2.0 * vec3 (0.55, 0.6, 0.8), (1.0-smoothstep(0.3,0.8,eqColorFactor)))); 


// reduce haze intensity when looking at shaded surfaces, only in terminator region

float shadow = mix( min(1.0 + dot(normal,lightDir),1.0), 1.0, 1.0-smoothstep(0.1, 0.4, transmission));
hazeColor = mix(shadow * hazeColor, hazeColor, 0.3 + 0.7* smoothstep(250000.0, 400000.0, terminator));


// determine the right mix of transmission and haze


fragColor.xyz = mix(eqColorFactor * hazeColor * eShade, fragColor.xyz,transmission);

gl_FragColor = fragColor;

}
else // if dist < 40.0 no fogging at all 
{
gl_FragColor = fragColor;
}

}